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D > 13 > Flashcards

13 Flashcards

1
Q

Prehistoric people disposed of their wastes

A

In waste heaps called middens

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2
Q

describe the things we throw away

A

Solid waste

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3
Q

Putrescible waste

A

animal and vegetable waste resulting from the handling, preparation, cooking, and serving of food

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3
Q

includes any discarded item; things destined for reuse, recycle, or reclamation; sludges; and hazardous wastes

A

Solid waste

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4
Q

second step of management process

A

waste collection

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4
Q

as garbage, is a subset of solid waste and is defined as durable goods

A

Municipal solid waste

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4
Q

the first step in solid waste management is the

A

generation of waste

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5
Q

represent means of alleviating some of the problems of solid waste management

A

prevention of waste generation and the productive use of waste

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6
Q

recycling was also once known as

A

salvage

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7
Q

Closed-loop

A

primary

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7
Q

the use of recycled products to make the same or similar products

A

Closed-loop, or primary

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7
Q

Recycling can also be described as

A

closed-loop or open-loop

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7
Q

the use of recycled materials to make new products with
different characteristics than the originals

A

Secondary recycling

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8
Q

the recovery of chemicals or energy from postconsumer waste materials

A

Tertiary recycling

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9
Q

this type is used to produce milk bottles, detergent bottles, and film products such as produce bags.

A

2-HDPE

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10
Q

most commonly used originally in the production of carbonated soft drink bottles

A

Polyethylene terephthlate (#1-PETE)

11
Q

most commonly recycled metals

A

iron and steel

11
Q

production of cement is very energy intensive ; the production of a tonne of cement consumes almost

A

5.5 million kJ of energy

11
Q

are made almost entirely of stee

A

tin

12
Q

controlled decomposition of organic material

A

Composting

12
Q

is a chemical reaction in which the elements in the fuel are oxidized in the presence of excess oxygen

A

Combustion

13
Q

liquid that passes through the landfill, extracts dissolved and suspended matter from the waste material

A

Leachate

13
Q

combustible portion of solid waste that has been separated from the noncombustible portion through processes such as shredding, screening, and air classifying

A

Refuse-derived fuel

13
Q

autogenous

A

self-sustaining in combustion

14
Q

the thermal processing of a material in the absence of oxygen

A

Pyrolysis

14
Q

is the partial combustion in which a fuel is burned with less than a stoichiometric amount of oxygen

A

Gasification

15
Q

area method uses a three-step process

A

spreading the waste, compacting it, and covering it with soil.

15
Q

Evaporation and transpiration are often lumped together as

A

evapotranspiration (E)

15
Q

well-engineered facilities that are located, designed, operated, monitored, closed, cared for after closure, cleaned up when necessary, and financed to ensure
compliance with federal regulations

A

landfills

16
Q

land disposal site employing an engineered method of disposing of solid wastes on land in a manner that minimizes environmental hazards by spreading the solid wastes to the smallest practical volume, and applying and compacting cover material at the end of each day

A

SANITARY LANDFILL

16
Q

quantity of water that can be held against the pull of gravity is referred to as

A

field capacity

17
Q

To prevent the seepage of leachate from the landfill and thus, to avoid groundwater contamination, strict leachate control measures are required

A

Control of Leachate

18
Q

a synthetic matrix that resembles a miniature chain link fence

A

geonet

19
Q

an open-weave cloth

A

geofabric

20
Q

provide a pressure gradient to force the gas from the cells

A

Active systems

20
Q

Modern final cover design consists of

A

surface layer, biotic barrier, drainage layer,
hydraulic barrier, foundation layer, and gas control

20
Q

allow a natural pressure gradient to build up, which causes the gas to move from the cells into the collection devices

A

Passive systems

D (9 decks)

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