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Parasitology > Diagnosis of parasites in horses and pigs > Flashcards

Diagnosis of parasites in horses and pigs Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the egg of Parascaris equorum

A
  • medium
  • round/circulated
  • 3 thick shells and outer with spinted coat
  • unembryonated - 1 blastomere
  • dark brown
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2
Q

Describe the egg of Anoplocephala spp.

A
  • medium
  • D-shaped/polyhedric
  • 3 THICK & hard shells
  • embryonated: oncosphere
  • light brown / grey
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3
Q

Describe the egg of Oxyuris equi

A
  • medium
  • elliptical / oval
  • asymmetrical
  • 2 THIN shell
  • pluq at one pole
  • unembryonated
  • light brown / transparent
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4
Q

Describe the egg of Strongylus spp.

A
  • medium
  • oval
  • 2 THIN shells
  • unembryonated - nb of blastomeres depend on the specie
  • light grey / brown
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5
Q

Describe the egg of Eimeria leuckarti

A

(oocyst)

  • medium
  • oval
  • 2 shells; outer one is thick
  • unsporulated
  • microphyle at one pole
  • dark brown
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6
Q

Name a protozoa that can be found in horse feces?
What is the location of it?

A

Eimeria leuckarti

Location: SI mucosa

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7
Q

3 orders of ectoparasites

A

Order:
- Diptera
- Phtirapetra
- Acarina

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8
Q

Give 2 examples of ectoparasites from order Diptera that can infect horse.

A

Hippobosca equina (forest fly) and Gasterophilus intestinalis (warble flies) with egg in stomach and rectum

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9
Q

Give an example of ectoparasite from order Phtirapetra that can infect horse.

A

Damalinia equi (chewing lice)

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10
Q

Give 2 examples of ectoparasites from order Acarina that can infect horse.

A

Psoroptes equi & Chorioptes equi

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11
Q

What trematodes can occur in feces of horse?

A

F. hepatica, D. dendriticum and P. cervi

Can occur but rarely - has to be prepared by sedimentation method.

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12
Q

Which cestoda tapeworms can infect horse and where is they located?

A
  • Anoplocephala magna –> jejunum + ileum
  • Anoplocephala perfoliata –> caecum + colon
  • Paranoplocephala mamilana –> duodenum
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13
Q

Name important orders of Nematoda (roundworms) for horses

A

Orders:
- Rhabditida
- Strongylida
- Ascarida
- Oxyurida
- Spirurida
- Filarida

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14
Q

Which specie can not be found in EU of horses?

A

Acantocephala species

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15
Q

For eggs of which specie is perianal scraping used instead of flotation method?

A

Oxyuris equi (pinworms) , cause rarely found on fecel samples

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16
Q

What is the LC of family Anoplocephalidae species?
Way of infection?

A

Indirect life cycle
IH: mites (Galumnidae, Oribatulidae)

Infection: Ingestion of mite WITH cysticercoid

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17
Q

What is morphology of Anoplocephala perfoliata?

A

20 - 25cm long
Rounded with scolex with 4 suckers with a lappet behind each suckers.

Lappet typical for A. perfoliata

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18
Q

What is the LC of family Strongyloididae and give example of specie?
What is typical for specie:
- Way of infection?
- Location?
- Egg characteristic

A

Direct LC (geohelminth)
Specie: Strongyloides westeri

Infection: Ingestion of embryonated egg (L1) or penetration of skin.
Location: Small intestine
Egg:
- small
- elliptical
- 2 thin shells, symmetrical
- embryonated (L1)
- transparent / grey

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19
Q

Name the 2 classes of large strongyles

A
  1. Strongylus
  2. Tridontophorous
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20
Q

Which are the LARGE strongyles?
LC, way of infection, location?

A

Strongylus vulgaris
S. edentatus
S. equinus

Direct LC
Infection: Ingestion with L3 from environment
Location: Colon and caecum

Triodontophorus serratus
T. brevicauda
T. tenuicollis
T. minor

Location: Colon

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21
Q

Which are the SMALL strongyles?
LC, way of infection and location?

A

Cyathostomum, Cylicocyclus, Cylicostephanus, Cylicodontophorus etc.

Cyathostomum most imp and infection with all these are generally known as Cyathostomosis

Direct LC
Infection: Ingestion with L3 from environment
Location: Colon and caecum.
Larvae never migrates but stay in mucosa of caecum / colon!!!

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22
Q

LC of Trichostrongylidae family and give example of a specie?
Location?

A

Direct LC
Location: Stomach

Trichostrongylus axei

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23
Q

What is typical for LC of S. vulgaris?

A

After ingestion the L3 migrates to internal structures as endothelium arteries, where they moult to juvenile form of adult (L5) and stay for about 5 months.
After the move back to caecum and colon and attach to mucosa.

Internal structures: endothelium of a. mesenterica cranialis / caudalis, a. abdominalis and a. renalis.

24
Q

What is typical for the S. edentatus LC?

A

After infection migrates to LIVER and esp. PERITONEUM and form small NODULES where they form juvenile form (L5) and stay for about 10 months.
After transformation they come back to colon (usually ventral part) and caecum

25
Q

What is typical for the S. equinus LC?

A

After infection migrates to SPLEEN or LIVER, but transformation from juvenile form (L5) last for 8-9 months.

26
Q

Which lung worms affect horses?

A

Family Dictyocaulidae - Dictyocaulus arnfieldi

27
Q

What is LC and infection of Dictyocaulus arnfieldi?

A

Direct LC
Infection: Ingestion by L3 from environ,ent

28
Q

How do we identify lungworms of horses?

A

By Bierman larvoscopic method according to the tail and head

29
Q

Which round worm often affects young horses?

A

Species of family Ascarididae
- Parascaris equorum

30
Q

What is basic LC of Parascaris equorum?
Infection and location?

A

Direct LC
Infection: Ingestion of egg with L3
Location: Small intestine “entero-hepato pulmonal migration” = migration of L2-L5

31
Q

Which pin-worms can we find in horses?

A

Oxyuridae family - Oxyuris equi

32
Q

Location of Oxyuris equi in FH?

A

Location Caecum and rectum

33
Q

Describe the egg of Oesophagustomum dentatum

A

(Sus)
- medium
- oval
- 2 shells
- symmetrical
- unembryonated - many blastomere
- light grey / transparent

34
Q

Describe the egg of Trichuris suis

A

(Sus)
- medium
- lemon-shaped
- 3 thick shells with pluq on each end
- unembryonated: granulated protoplasma
- brown / red

35
Q

Describe the egg of Ascaris suum

A

(Sus)
- medium
- oval
- 3 thick shells - a wavy outlayer
- unembryonated: blastomeres
- dark brown

36
Q

Describe the egg of Cystoispora suis

A

(Sus)
- small
- oval
- 2 THIN shells
- unsporulated / sporulated ( 2 rounded sporocysts with 4 sporozoites in each)
- transparent

Same morphology for Eimeria spp. but differ with OVAL sporocysts

37
Q

Describe the egg of Metastrongylus spp.

A
  • small
  • oval
  • 3 thick shells: outer with a hairy appearance
  • embryonated (L1)
  • light brown / transparent
38
Q

Which Protozoa’s can affect pigs?

A

Eimeria debliecki, E. neodeblicky, E. spinosa

Cystoisospora suis

Cryptosporidium spp (Zoonotic)

39
Q

Name which 2 ectoparasites that can infect pigs

A

Haematopinus suis = sucking lice
Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis = burrowing mite

40
Q

Which flukes can cause infection in pigs?

A

(trematodes)

Fasciola hepatica (but rare

41
Q

Name species of tapeworms in pigs

A

(cestodes)
- Taenia solium with metacestode –> Cysticercus cellulosae
- Taenia hydatigena with metacestode –> Cysticercus tenuicollis
- Echinococcus granulosus
- Echinococcus multilocularis

42
Q

What is typical for tapeworms in pigs?

A

(cestodes)

Pigs are only IH when it comes to tapeworms = NO eggs can be found in feces

43
Q

Which roundworms can be found in pigs?

A

(nematodes)
- Strongyloides ransomi
- Hyostrongylus rubidus
- Oesophagostomum dentatum & O. brevicaudum
- Ascaris suum
- Trichuris suis
- Metastrongylus spp. (lung worms) = M. salmi, M. confusus, M. apri

44
Q

Name a specie of roundworms in pigs that is located in stomach

A

Hyostrongulus rubidus

45
Q

Name a specie of roundworms in pigs that is located in small intestine

A

Strongyloides ransomi
Ascaris suum

46
Q

Name a specie of roundworms in pigs that is located in colon, caecum

A

Trichuris suis

47
Q

Which lung worms can be found in pigs?

A

Fam. Metastrongylidae
Spp.
- Metastrongylus pudendotectus
- M. apri (elongatus)
- M salmi
- M confusus

48
Q

What is characteristic for lungworms of Metastrongylidae family?

A

They are identified according to their egg!
Males forming big bursa copulatrix

49
Q

What is LC, location and infection of Metastrongylus spp. ?

A

Indirect life cycle
IH: earth worm
Location: Lung tissue
Infection: Ingestion of earth worm WITH L3

50
Q

What is LC, location and infection of Trichuris spp?

A

Direct LC
Location: Colon, caecum
Infection: Ingestion of egg with L1

51
Q

What is LC, location and infection of Ascaris suum?

A

Direct LC
Location: larval stages migrate = entero-hepato-pulmonal migration (obturate SI, pass through wall –> liver –> lung and after comes back to SI
Infection: Ingestion with L3

52
Q

What is infective stage of Acantocephala spp?

A

Cystacanth

53
Q

Give an example of Acantochephala specie

A

Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus

54
Q

What is LC, location and infection of Acantocephala spp?

A

Indirect LC (biohelminths)
IH: dung beetles
Location: Small intestine
Infection: Ingestion of dung beetle with cystacanth

55
Q

Describe egg of Macracanthorhynchus hiradinaceus (Acantocephala spp)

A
  • Large
  • oval, symmetrical
  • 3 thick shells
  • embryonated (acanthor)
  • dark brown

Parasitology (1 decks)

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