Epidemiological Tests Flashcards

1
Q

This type of study is a snapshot in time

A

cross-sectional

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2
Q

This type of study is retrospective (looks backward in time)

A

case control

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3
Q

This type of study is prospective (looks forward in time)

A

cohort

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4
Q

What are 3 advantages of cross-sectional studies?

A
  1. cheap
  2. not time consuming
  3. many outcomes and exposures can be assessed
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5
Q

What are 3 disadvantages of cross-sectional studies?

A
  1. no causal inferences (exposure and outcome determined at same time)
  2. snapshot of one time point
  3. recall biases
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6
Q

What is the purpose of a cross-sectional study?

A

descriptive, but can investigate associations between exposures and outcomes

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7
Q

What is the purpose of a case-control study?

A

To estimate odds by retrospectively determining the exposure to the risk factor of interest for patients who have a disease (cases) and patients who don’t have a disease (controls)

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8
Q

What are 3 advantages of a case-control study?

A
  1. good for rare outcomes
  2. good for outcomes with long periods between exposure and outcome
  3. cheaper
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9
Q

What are 3 disadvantages of a case-control study?

A
  1. poor for rare exposures
  2. subject to bias and confounding
  3. difficult to identify appropriate controls
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10
Q

What is the purpose of a cohort study?

A

to follow a cohort of people prospectively to determine which initial participants exposure characteristics (risk factors) are associated with a disease outcome

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11
Q

What are 3 advantages of a cohort study?

A
  1. exposure before outcome (establishing temporality)
  2. subjects selected into cohort before having outcome
  3. can study several outcomes for each exposure
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12
Q

What are 3 disadvantages of a cohort study?

A
  1. expensive and time consuming
  2. inefficient for rare diseases or diseases with long latency
  3. loss to follow up
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