Chapter 8 - Social Cognitive Theories + Personality Assessment Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two factors that govern behavior in social cognitive theories?

A

Expectancy and reinforcement.

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2
Q

What is the locus of control?

A

Expectancy concerning personal control in our lives.

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3
Q

Who developed the concept of human agency in social cognitive theories?

A

Albert Bandura.

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4
Q

What influences self-efficacy in social cognitive theories?

A

Performance experiences, observational learning, verbal persuasion, and emotional arousal.

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5
Q

What are the advantages of social cognitive theories in explaining behavior?

A

It puts insights from other perspectives into cognitive-behavioral concepts and explains inconsistencies of behavior.

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6
Q

What are the different methods used for personality assessment?

A

Personality scales and self-ratings, responses on projective tests, physiological measures, behavioral assessment, reports and ratings by other people, and interview data.

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7
Q

What are the drawbacks of interviews in personality assessment?

A

Characteristics of the interviewer and cooperation and honesty of the participant.

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8
Q

What is the remote behavior sampling technique used in behavioral assessment?

A

Assessors collect samples of behavior from participants’ daily lives using pagers or cell phones.

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9
Q

What are the two main projective tests used in psychodynamic theory?

A

Rorschach inkblots and Thematic Apperception test.

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10
Q

Which theory in personality assessment uses physiological measurements?

A

Biological theory.

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11
Q

Expectancy

A

Likelihood of consequences given behavior

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12
Q

Reinforcement

A

How much we desire of dread consequences

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13
Q

What are the five components of human agency in social cognitive theories?

A

Intentionality, forethought, self-reactiveness, self-reflectiveness, and self-regulation.

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14
Q

What is self-efficacy in social cognitive theories?

A

Self-efficacy refers to a person’s belief concerning their ability to perform behaviors needed to achieve outcomes.

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15
Q

What is the difference between internal and external locus of control?

A

Internal locus of control refers to events under personal control, while external locus of control refers to events attributed to luck, chance, or powerful others.

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16
Q

What are the advantages of using standardized questions in personality assessment?

A

Standardized questions ensure consistency in measurement and make it easier to compare results across individuals or groups.

17
Q

What is the aim of projective tests in personality assessment?

A

The aim of projective tests is to elicit unconscious thoughts and feelings of the participant through ambiguous stimuli, such as inkblots or pictures.

18
Q

What is the purpose of behavioral assessment in social cognitive theories?

A

Behavioral assessment is used to collect information about specific behaviors, situations, and conditions that influence behavior.

19
Q

What is the main difference between trait theory and social cognitive theory in personality assessment?

A

Trait theory focuses on identifying and measuring personality traits, while social cognitive theory emphasizes the role of cognitive processes and social learning in personality development.

20
Q

What are the limitations of self-report measures in personality assessment?

A

Self-report measures may be affected by social desirability bias and may not accurately reflect the true personality of the participant.

21
Q

What is the goal of physiological measures in personality assessment?

A

The goal of physiological measures is to measure bodily functions and responses to certain stimuli as a way to infer personality traits or characteristics.

22
Q

What are the advantages of using behavioral assessments over other methods in personality assessment?

A

Behavioral assessments provide objective and specific information about behavior in real-life situations, which may be more reliable than self-report measures or projective tests.