DNA Flashcards
What is DNA?
the genetic blueprint for how each cell behaves.
Holds the instructions for specific proteins.
What does DNA consist of?
repeating subunits called nucleotides. Two chains of nucleotides joined at nitrogenous bases by hydrogen bonds.
what is the name of the bond for DNA bases?
covalent bonds which join phosphate to sugar, and sugar to base.
What are the 4 different bases, and their complementary pairs?
Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T)
A - T, C - G
The two strands of DNA are ___.
anti-paralell.
What is the purpose of DNA?
- To instruct cells what proteins to manufacture
Why are proteins important?
proteins are the reason for physical characteristics.
Some are called enzymes and regulate reactions taken place in the cell
form hormones and antibodies
- vital for normal function.
What are the strands of DNA called?
Chromatin
What does chromatin do before cell dvision?
Condenses, shortens, thickens to form chromosomes.
How many chromosomes do you have?
46, existing as 23 pairs.
How many chromosomes does do testes and ova have?
23 chromosomes.
How many chromosomes do diploid and haploid cells have?
diploid - 46
haploid - 23
Of the 23 pairs of chromosomes, __ are autosomes
22
What are autosomes?
chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes (not X or Y)
Karyotyping
The process that examines chromosomes in cells.
