Punnet squares, pedigrees Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a punnet square?

A

a method used to find expected genotype and phenotype ratios of offspring when parental genotypes and/or phenotypes are unknown.

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2
Q

How do you construct a punnet square?

A
  • write down parental genotypes (choose letters)
  • write possible alleles able to be passed on
  • construct square
  • fill potential genotypes of offspiring
  • determine ratio of offspring
  • determine phenotype of offspring
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3
Q

What does a pedigree chart show?

A

members of family and how they are related to each other.

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4
Q

What is a pedigree?

A

A genetic family tree used to study inheritance of characteristics.

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5
Q

What do circles represent on a pedigree chart?

A

females

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6
Q

What do squares represent on a pedigree chart?

A

males

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7
Q

What does shading represent on a pedigree chart?

A

affected individuals

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8
Q

How are children represented on a pedigree chart?

A

vertical lines running down from parents

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9
Q

How are parents represented on a pedigree chart?

A

linked by a horisonal line

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10
Q

how are siblings represented on a pedigree chart?

A

line linked by a horisontal line above.

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11
Q

What can pedigree charts be used to find?

A
  • if a characteristic is dominant or recessive
  • if a characteristic is sex-linked or autosomal.
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12
Q

What are things to look for on a pedigree chart?

A
  • gender bias of affected individuals males:females
  • affected offspring from unaffected parents
  • affected sons from affected fathers
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13
Q

What does affected offspring from unaffected parents show?

A

That the condition is recessive

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