Last minute facts Flashcards
Where does the oblique fissure of the lung run from and to?
From T3 to 6th costal cartilage anteriorly
Surface anatomy of the right horizontal fissure?
From sternum at the 4th costal cartilage to the oblique fissure
Where is the cardiac notch found?
Left side, 4th rib
What vertebral level does the trachea arise at?
C6
Surface marking of radial pulse?
lateral to flexor carpi radialis tendon
What murmurs do inspiration and expiration increase?
Inspiration = right side murmurs
Exp = Left side murmurs
How can you enhance an aortic regurgitation murmur?
Increase resistance: squat / place cuff on arm
What cardiac issues cause splinter haemorrhage?
Infective endocarditis due to small vegetations breaking off into systemic circulation and manifesting as visible lesions under the nail bed in capillaries
Approximate normal vital capacity?
Approximate normal vital capacity?
Can range from 3-5L depending on individual
(Women it is 3.1, men it is 4.8)
When do you get a dull lung? [1]
When do you get a stoney dull lung? [1]
Dull: tumour / pneumona / TB
Stoney dull: pleural effusion
When will fremitus be increased and when will it decrease?
Increase in areas of consolidation
Decrease in pleural effusion
What can decrease lung sounds?
COPD / Asthma
What would leukonychia indicate? [1]
Trauma
Chemotherapy
Heavy metal poisoning (lead)
Abdo eye signs? [2]
Jaundice in the sclera of eye
Kaiser-Fleischer rings
Describe what test can you do for ascites other than shifting dullness?
Fluid thrill. Ask someone to place their hand on the centre of the patients abdomen and then you flick the abdominal wall on one side. If there is ascites the impulse will be felt on the other side
Location of fundus of gall bladder? (surface anatomy)
T1 transpyloric plane at the mCL
What is McBurneys point?
1/3 of distance from ASIS to umbilicus, location of appendix
What causes palmar erythema that you should be aware of in abdo exam?
Increased oestrogen that is usually metabolised in liver, but wont be if liver function compromised
Vertebral level of transtubecular/intertubercular plane?
L5
What does the transpyloric plane cross? [4]
Pylorus of stomach
Fundus of gall bladder
Neck of pancreas hilium of L kidney and upper pole of R kidney
What part of trachea does the thyroid gland cover?
2nd and 3rd tracheal rings
What vertebral level is the thyroid gland?
C5-T1
What causes thyroid gland to move upwards upon swallowing?
It is embedded in pretracheal fascia
Why stick tongue out in thyroid exam?
Look in - lingual thyroid?
Why percuss in thyroid exam?
Retrosternal expansion of thyroid
What causes Dupuytren’s contracture? [1]
Thickening and shrinking of the palmar fascia
can indicate diabetes, liver disease or thyroid problems
What look for during fundoscopy in CVS exam? [1]
Roth spots
White-centered retinal hemorrhages, also known as Roth spots, are retinal hemorrhages that can be seen in a variety of medical conditions. Roth spots are most commonly associated with infective endocarditis and have been detected in 80 percent of cases of subacute bacterial endocarditis.
How does JVP differ from carotid pulse? [6]
MOPHAIR
Multi wave form: a and v waves
Occuladble - lightly pressing on it compresses on wave
Positional variation
Hepatojugular reflex
Fills from above
Impalpable
Resp changes
What is a heave? [1]
What is a thrill? [1]
Heave: palpable murmur
Thrill: palpable vibration caused by turbulent flow
Parasternal heaves are typically associated with ? [1]
Parasternal heaves are typically associated with right ventricular hypertrophy.
Causes of radio-radial delay include? [3]
Subclavian artery stenosis (e.g. compression by a cervical rib)
Aortic dissection
Aortic coarctation
Describe 4 type of pulse character and what theyre associated with
Normal
Slow-rising (associated with aortic stenosis)
Bounding (associated with aortic regurgitation as well as CO2 retention)
Thready (associated with intravascular hypovolaemia in conditions such as sepsis)
Hypotension is indicated by? [1]
Hypotension: blood pressure of less than 90/60 mmHg