Flooding Flashcards

1
Q

what is evaporation?

A

when water drops turn into gas and move into the sky

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2
Q

what is condensation?

A

water drops turn from a gas into a liquid

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3
Q

what is precipitation?

A

waterfall from the sky e.g. snow, hail, rain

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4
Q

what is transpiration?

A

when water evaporates out of plants

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5
Q

what is percolation?

A

when rain moves into the land

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6
Q

what is ground water flow?

A

when rain moves through the land

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7
Q

what is surface run off?

A

water that flows over land

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8
Q

why do urban areas have increased flood risk?

A

•water will not infiltrate into the ground because of urbanisation and a lack of permeable surfaces
•this means there will be more over land flow meaning river discharge increases

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9
Q

what a human factors affecting flood risk?

A

•urban areas
•deforestation
•agriculture

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10
Q

how does deforestation affect flood risk?

A

•trees and water take in water which transpires back into the atmosphere
•less plants means less water is intercepted increasing the amount of surface run off

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11
Q

how does agriculture affect flood risk?

A

less crops to intercept water means more water infiltrates into the ground and more is left as surface run off

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12
Q

what are physical factors affecting risk of flooding?

A

•precipitation
•geology
•relief

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13
Q

how does relief affect flood risk?

A

*steep land means surface run off occurs before infiltration meaning the water runs into the river faster resulting in floods

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14
Q

how does geology affect flood risk?

A

-permeable rocks mean water can infiltrate into the ground becoming groundwater flow and going into the nearest river
-impermeable rock means water cannot Inflitrate into the ground increasing surface run off

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15
Q

how does prolonged/heavy rainfall cause flooding ?

A

•sudden bursts of heavy rainfall/prolonged rainfall result in the infiltration rate being too slow to cope
•the grand may become too saturated leaving more surface run off

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16
Q

what is a hydrograph?

A

a graph that shows the relationship between river discharge and precipitation

17
Q

what is drainage density?

A

•the number of streams in a particular drainage basin
•the higher the drainage density, the more quickly water drains to a river

18
Q

what is river discharge?

A

the volume of water flowing through a river channel

19
Q

what is a river basin?

A

*this is the same as a drainage basin
*the smaller the basin size the quicker the water transfer