WEEK 8 (Cell signalling) Flashcards
With respect to their surrounding membrane system, which is the odd one out?
a) Nucleus
b) Endoplasmic reticulum
c) Mitochondria
d) Chloroplasts
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which of the following proteins is a transmembrane protein responsible for anchoring the extracellular matrix (ECM)?
a) Laminin
b) Fibronectin
c) Integrins
d) Collagen
Integrins
What is the key role of fibroblasts?
Producing extracellular matrix
Which type of endomembrane secretion occurs in nerve cells?
a) constitutive
b) regulatory
c) non-continuous
d) intermittent
Regulatory
Which of the following biomolecules are contained in the lysosomes?
a) nucleic acids
b) ribonucleic acids
c) proteins
d) polysaccharides
Proteins
What happens in anaphase 1?
Each homolog reaches the opposite pole
There exists attraction between the homologs in Metaphase 1? (TRUE/FALSE)
FALSE
EXPLANATION: The homolog’s centromeres repel each other which assist separation to opposite pole
What is the function of axonemal dynein?
Responsible for the beating of flagella and cilia
What can Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome affect?
The production or organisation of collagen which is a critical component of connective tissue
What applies to both eukaryotic cell walls and animal cell extracellular matrices?
- They are built to a common overall structure that can be described as ‘fibres in a matrix’
- Their protein components are synthesised by ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Bacterial and eukaryotic cell walls have the same general function (TRUE/FALSE)
TRUE
EXPLANATION: The cell walls of bacteria and eukaryotic cells have the same general function of preventing cell lysis in hypotonic environments
What applies to fibronectins?
- They are disulphide linked dimers with each polypeptide composed of a number of binding domains joined together by short flexible segments
- They have an essential role in linking the extracellular matrix to its underlying cells
Glycosaminoglycans contribute to two of the tissue properties: withstand mechanical pressures and favour the movement of cells and molecules through tissues (TRUE/FALSE)
TRUE
The Elasticity of bones is partially provided by collagen fibers (TRUE/FALSE)
TRUE
Chronic pain is usually localised to the hyper mobile joints is a symptom of which disease?
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (EDS)
What does cell signalling allow?
Cells to perceive and respond to extracellular environment allowing development, growth and immunity
What are the three stages of cell signalling?
1) RECEPTION = signal molecule binds the receptor
2) SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION = chemical signal results in a series of enzyme activations
3) RESPONSE = resulting cellular responses
How do cells usually communicate with each other?
Through extracellular messenger molecules
How do cells usually communicate with each other?
Through extracellular messenger molecules