> attachment: privation + effects of institutionalisation

Question 1

privation?

Answer 1

-concerns children who have never had an attachment bond
-more likely than deprivation to cause lasting damage but research results are contradictory
-as cases of privation are rare, generally researched through case studies

Question 2

case studies of children who have been deprived + raised in isolation?

Answer 2

-demonstrate 2 things:
-some children never recover from their early privation
-others show remarkable recovery
-Czech twins
-Genie

Question 3

czech twins

Question 4

genie

Question 5

evaluation- advantages (privation)

Answer 5

-case studies are usually used to study extreme privation as it would be unethical + impractical to use other research methods

Question 6

evaluation- disadvantages (privation)

Answer 6

-case studies depend on memory’s being holistically accurate + correct, being selective, therefore not way to fully know what happened to individuals before discovery + decreasing validity
-Bowlbys viewpoint that the negative effects of maternal deprivation being irreversible tends to be overstated, children whose privation experiences were followed by positive experiences made good progress

Question 7

institutionalisation?

Answer 7

-concerned with the effects upon attachments of care provided by orphanages + residential childrens homes
-involves distinctive patterns of attachment behaviour so can be regarded as a phenomenon in its own right: mix of privation + deprivation effects
-often show distinctive attachment behaviour -> disinhibited attachment, characterised by clingly, attention seeking behaviour + indiscriminate sociability to adults

Question 8

institutionalisation research? Hodges + Tizard

Answer 8

-Hodges + Tizard conducted large scale investigation of institutionalised infants
-not been possible to replicate such studies until recently, when natural opportunity for study presented itself
-in Romania, many children were placed in orphanages from birth + experienced considerable deprivation/privation

Question 9

institutionalisation research? Rutter et al

Answer 9

-studied 111 Romanian orphans adopted i the UK by the age of 2
-upon arrival, children were physically undersized but by the age of 4 they had caught up with other 4 year olds
-however, adopted was negatively correlated with attainment of developmental milestones
-the later the children were adopted the slower their progress
-suggests that the longer children are in maternal deprivation the longer it takes for them to recover, if possible at all

Question 10

evaluation of research-advantages?

Answer 10

-real-life application, studying Romanian orphans have enhanced our understanding -> leading to the improvements in the way children are cared for

Question 11

evaluation of research- disadvantages?

Answer 11

-difficult to observe the effects of institutionalisation in isolation as there were other multiple factors which reduces validity of results
-long term effects are not yet clear