Chemical Formulas And Bonding Flashcards
What is a molecular formula?
This refers to the representation of a molecule using chemical symbols to indicate the type of atom and subscripts to indicate the number of atoms of each type present in the molecule
Name the 3 types of chemical formulas
a. Molecular formula
b. Structural formula
c. Empirical formula
What is the structural formula?
This is the type of formula which shows how atoms are connected in a molecule
What is a chemical bond?
This is the force of attraction that exists between atoms or ions holds them together in a crystal or molecule.
Give 2 examples of a molecular formula
CH4
H2O
What is the difference between a ball-and-stick model and a space-filling model?
A ball and stick model shoes the geometric arrangement of the atoms with respective atomic sizes
whereas
space-filling model shoes the relative sizes of the atoms
Define empirical formula
This indicates the type of atoms present and the simplest whole number ration of the number of atoms in the compound
Give an example of an empirical formula
Titanium dioxide -TiO2
Molecules of glucose contain 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms and 6 oxygen atoms. What are the molecular and empirical formula of glucose?
Molecular- C6H12O6
Empirical- CH2O
Define isomers
Isomers are compounds with the same chemical formula but different molecular structure
Name the types of isomers
a. Spatial isomers
b. Structural isomers
Define the types of isomers
- Structural isomers - these are isomers with the same chemical formula but doff structure and therefore different chemical properties
- Spatial isomers - these are isomers that their relative orientations of the atoms in space differ
An ion found in some compounds used as antiperspirants contains 13 protons and 10 electrons. What is its
symbol?
Because the number of protons remains unchanged when an atom forms an ion, the atomic number of the
element must be 13. Knowing this lets us use the periodic table to identify the element as Al (aluminum).
The Al atom has lost three electrons and thus has three more positive charges (13) than it has electrons (10).
This is the aluminum cation, , Al3+
Aluminum and carbon react to form an ionic compound. Predict which forms an anion, which forms a
cation, and the charges of each ion. Write the symbol for each ion and name them.
Answer: Al will form a cation with a charge of 3+: Al3+, an aluminum ion. Carbon will form an anion with
a charge of 4−: C4−, a carbide ion
What are monoatomic ions?
These are ions formed from only one atom
What are oxyanions?
These are polyatomic ions that contain one or more oxygen atoms
What are ionic bonds?
These are the electrostatic forces of attraction that exist between particles of opposite charges
What is another name for ionic bonds?
Electrostatic bonds