classification of engineering materials (T1) Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four classifications

A

elements, solutions, compounds, mixtures

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2
Q

elements

A
  • basic building blocks of matter
  • elements cannot be broken down into simpler material
  • most material do not exist naturally as pure elements
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3
Q

solutions

A
  • solution is where a substance dissolves in another
  • eg sugar in tea or salt in water
  • metals may also dissolve in other metals to form solutions
  • eg carbon in iron to form steel
  • solutions can exist as liquid or solids
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4
Q

compounds

A
  • 2 or more elements chemically combined
  • can be broken into two elements that make then up
  • eg salt — sodium and chloride
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5
Q

mixtures

A

two or more elements OR compounds mixed together mechanically with regard to any fixed proportion
- can be separated eg air, cement, alloy mixtures

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6
Q

metals

A

composed of one or more metallic elements and often also non metallic elements in relatively small amounts
- term metal alloy refers to metallic substance that is composed of two or more elements

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7
Q

ceramics

A

compounds between metallic and non metallic elements; frequently oxides, nitrides and carbides
- naturally occur as clay and rock
- any ceramic material needs some form of purification, mixing or firing is a synthetic ceramic

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8
Q

polymers

A

plastic and rubber material
- organic compounds that are chemically based on carbon, hydrogen and other non metallic elements

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9
Q

material classification: how we group materials together (4)

A
  • properties
  • ways prepared
  • atomic/crystal structure
  • way used in industry
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10
Q

biological materials

A

materials that are result of life cycle of plant or animal
naturally occuring:
- wood, wax, leather, limestone
manufactured:
- paper, composite wood products, lime and diatomic bricks

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11
Q

composite materials

A

materials made of different combined materials
- fibreglass
- carbon fibre reinforced polymer
- concrete with steel reinforcing

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