GCSE Cells & Biochemistry Knowledge Flashcards
what are the functions of white blood cells?
- ingest pathogens
- produce antibodies
- produce antitoxins
what does producing specific antibodies to kill a particular pathogen lead to?
immunity from that pathogen
what happens if a large proportion of the population is immune to a pathogen?
the spread of the pathogen is very much reduced
what are the effects of exercise on the body?
- increase rate of breathing
- increase depth of breathing
- increase heart rate
what is the organisation of cells, tissues, organs etc. in the stomach?
muscle cells –> muscle tissue (contract to churn bits of food)
glands –> glandular tissue (secrete acid, enzymes & hormones)
epithelial cells –> epithelial tissue (line the stomach to protect it from HCl acid)
what can be transferred by evaporation?
heat
what is the specific heat capacity of water?
high
describe the interaction between oil & water?
oil does not dissolve in water
it can form emulsions with water if an emulsifier is present
are vegetable oils saturated or unsaturated?
how can they be hardened?
unsaturated bc they contain a double bond
these may be hardened by hydrogenation to add to the double bond
what are the roles of protein in the body?
enzymes
structural components e.g. muscle
antibodies
hormones
what is chromatography used for?
to separate mixtures of soluble dyes
& to identify molecules within a mixture
what are needed in small amounts for the body to function healthily?
mineral ions & vitamins
how are ions lost from the body?
- via the skin in sweat
- excess ions are lost via the kidneys in urine
what ions make a solution acidic?
H+
what is energy from respiration used for?
movement
protein synthesis
synthesis of amino acids in plants
maintenance of constant body temperature