basics in neuroendocrinology Flashcards
who first coined the term hormone?
ernest starling
what is the endocrine system?
system that coordinates the biological functions underlying all phycological and behavioral processes through chemical signals called hormones
how are hormones released and how are they different from neurotransmitters?
hormones are released by glands and they don’t need to be associated with nerves
what are developmental hormone effects?
they occur early in life
what are functional hormone effects?
required for specific functions
what are hormones secreted into the environment?
pheromones and the mode of communication is ectocrine
what are autocrine hormone effects?
effects of hormones can be on the same cells that secrete them
what are paracrine hormone effects?
cell that secretes hormones affect cells nearby that have that receptor
what are endocrine hormone effects?
a gland secretes a hormone that is picked up by the circulatory system and targets tissues far away
what is ultimate level of analyses?
-evolutionary theory
- sexual selection
- parental investment
what is proximate level of analyses?
- behaviors
- systems level
- cellular and molecular
behaviour (proximate)
- naturalistic observations
- clinical evidence
- animal behaviour studies after manipulation of hormones
system levels (proximate)
- examination of tissues, glands and brain regions associated with hormone action
- lesion studies
- effects on neurotransmitter systems
cellular and molecular (proximate)
- effects of hormones on cell properties (plasticity, membrane potential, permeability, et)
- effects on gene and protein expression
what does the pineal gland do?
release melatonin
