Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANATOMY Section 4 Part 2 > 13b – Age Estimation > Flashcards

13b – Age Estimation Flashcards

1
Q

Approaches to age estimation of animals:

A

-mostly based on teeth (sometimes horns)
-time of tooth ERUPTION (fairly reliable)
-wear on teeth=UNRELIABLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cementum annuli for age estimation:

A

-accurate for older ages
-less practice
-most for FORENSIC or archeological purposes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is cementum annuli based on?

A

-pattern of rings (annulus) of cement deposit in tooth root
>dark during less growth (winter)
>light during growth (spring/summer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is age estimation based on in dog?

A

-time of eruption: fairly reliable
>at birth: puppy is TOOTHLESS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When do a puppy’s first teeth erupt?

A

-at ~3-4 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When is a puppy’s deciduous set COMPLETE?

A

-by ~6wek
>no p1 is present in MILK set

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Milk teeth in dogs:

A

-resemble adult set, but are:
>SMALLER
>sharper
>long slender roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When does the first permanent tooth erupt in a dog?

A

-~3months
*erupt EARLIER in larger breeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When is a dog’s permanent set complete by?

A

-6-7months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Aging in horses relies on:

A

-regular ERUPTION
-continuous wear
-profile changes of teeth over time
*primarily based on incisors, especially lower incisors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Eruption-time based criteria for horses is:

A

-fairly ACCURATE
>up to ~5 years of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Wear-pattern based criteria for horses is:

A

-less reliable
-depends on diet, feeding habits, environment, genetics, disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Wear pattern: stable vs horses grazing in sandy areas

A

-stable: will appear younger than they are
-sandy areas: will appear older than they are

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Other criteria that can be used in combination with established guidelines for aging horses:

A

-variable to very low reliability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the first and MOST important step in aging a horse?

A

-determine if incisors are all deciduous, all permanent or a combo of both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Deciduous teeth in horse:

A

-fairly distinct NECK
-less cement
-pale colour
-fine grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Permanent teeth in horse:

A

-gradual transition to gum line
-more cement
-darker colour
-coarse grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Infundibulum (horse):

A

-funnel shaped ENAMEL infolding
-lined by and filled at proximal end (bottom) with cement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cup (horse):

A

-CAVITY in center of infundibulum
>looks black due to accumulated debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In wear (horse):

A

-dentin starts to be seen
-begins when tooth reaches height of neighbours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Level (horse):

A

-start to see a complete CIRCLE of dentin/enamel around cup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cup gone (horse):

A

-cavity within infundibulum has disappeared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Enamel spot (horse):

A

-mark
-bottom of infundibulum
-made of a ring of enamel and enclosed cement core
-resistance structure: standing proud above surrounding structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Dental star (horse):

A

-section thru FORMER pulp cavity
-now filled with repair/dark dentin
-surface smooth as surrounding: only darker colour
-changing shape over time from linear to round
-more rostral/labial to enamel spot

25
Q

Teeth profile/shapes (horse):

A

-round
-triangular/rectangular

26
Q

Order of events for eruption (horses):

A

-all based on incisors
>I1 to I2 to I3

27
Q

Deciduous incisors erupt at:

A

-6 days
-6 weeks
-6 months

28
Q

Deciduous incisors are ‘in wear’ at:

A

-~1 year
-1 year
-2 years

29
Q

Permanent incisors erupt at:

A

-2.5 years
-3.5 years
-4.5 years

30
Q

Permanent incisors are ‘in wear’ at:

A

*takes 6 months from eruption
-3 years
-4 years
-5 years
*OCCLUSAL surfaces change

31
Q

How much do permanent incisors wear each year?

A

-2mm
*cup gets smaller and finally disappears

32
Q

How deep is the lower cups and when does ‘cup gone’ happen after in wear?

A

-~6mm deep
-‘cup gone’ after 3 years after in wear

33
Q

How deep is the upper cups and when does ‘cup gone’ happen after in wear?

A

-~12mm deep
-‘cup gone’ after 6 years after in wear

34
Q

Dental star appears and how does it change?

A

-appears as a line
-changes to a round spot

35
Q

When is the cup gone for LOWER incisors?

A

-6 years
-7 years
-8 years

36
Q

When is the cup gone for UPPER incisors?

A

-9 years
-10 years
-11 years

37
Q

When is the lower enamel SPOT gone in incisors?

A

-12-18 years

38
Q

When do the lower incisors become TRIANGULAR?

A

-16-17 years

39
Q

When do the lower incisors become rectangular?

A

-18 years

40
Q

What is some other criteria that can be used to age estimate a horse? (but not used as a primary criteria)

A

-Galvayne’s groove on upper I3
-labial profile of upper I3
-HOOK on upper I3
-angle of upper and lower jaw

41
Q

Galvayne’s groove on upper I3:

A

-may upper on upper CORNER incisor
-NOT RELIABLE, but sometimes useful
-form of coarse groove

42
Q

When does the Galvayne’s groove technically appear?

A

-10 years

43
Q

At what year is Galvayne’s groove halfway down the tooth?

A

-15 years

44
Q

At what year does Galvayne’s groove reach occlusal?

A

-20 years

45
Q

At what year is Galvayne’s groove only the lower half of the tooth?

A

-25 years

46
Q

At what year is Galvayne’s groove gone?

A

-30 years

47
Q

Labial profile of upper I3:

A

-permanent I3 won’t be there until 4.5 years
-changes over time

48
Q

Labial profile of upper I3: wider than it is tall at

A

-5-9 years

49
Q

Labial profile of upper I3: almost SQUARE at

A

-10 years

50
Q

Labial profile of upper I3: taller than it is wide at

A

-over 10 years

51
Q

Hook on upper I3:

A

-7 year or 11 year hook
-very unreliable
>may or may not appear from 5-15years

52
Q

Angle of upper and lower jaw:

A

-used as general guideline
-younger=more PERPENDICULAR jaws
-older=sharper angle

53
Q

Why is age estimation in ox important?

A

-used in BORDER crossing/slaughterhouse inspections

54
Q

Age estimation in ox is less studied, but also based on:

A

-eruption times and tooth wear
>mostly on (lower!) INCISORS
-CANINE usually included as lower I4

55
Q

Eruption time variations in ox can be:

A

-over 1 year

56
Q

When does the FIRST permanent incisor erupt?

A

-1.5-2years

57
Q

When does the second permanent incisor erupt?

A

-2-2.5 years

58
Q

When does the third permanent incisor erupt?

A

-3-3.5 year

59
Q

How does the incisors of an ox wear?

A

-from central to lateral

ANATOMY Section 4 Part 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions