14

Question 1

any waste or combination of wastes that poses a substantial danger, now or in the future, to human, plant, or animal life and that therefore must be handled or disposed of with special precautions

Answer 1

hazardous waste

Question 2

n two particular hazardous wastes that have achieved national prominence

Answer 2

dioxins and PCBs

Question 3

contaminant by-product that may be thermally generated during the manufacture or burning of chlorophenols

Answer 3

Dioxins

Question 4

is known to cause severe skin disorders, such as chloracne

Answer 4

TCDD

Question 5

Any method, technique, or process, including neutralization, designed to change the physical, chemical, or biological character or composition of any hazardous waste so as to neutralize it or render it nonhazardous or less hazardous; to recover it; make it safer to transport, store, or dispose of; or make it amenable for recovery, storage, or volume reduction

Answer 5

Treatment

Question 6

The holding of hazardous waste for a temporary period, at the end of which the hazardous waste is treated, disposed, or stored elsewhere

Answer 6

Storage

Question 7

The discharge, deposit, injection, dumping, spilling, leaking, or placing of any solid waste or hazardous waste into or on any land or water so that any constituent thereof may enter the environment or be emitted into the air or discharged into any waters, including groundwaters

Answer 7

Disposal

Question 8

is the period when wastes are no longer accepted

Answer 8

Closure

Question 9

procedure for ranking uncontrolled hazardous waste sites in terms of the potential threat

Answer 9

hazard ranking system

Question 10

detailed direction on the action to be taken at a hazardous waste site, including initial assessment to determine if an emergency or imminent threat exists, creation of emergency response actions

Answer 10

national contingency plan

Question 11

Surface water is evaluated for exposure of

Answer 11

(1) drinking water, (2) human food chain, and (3) the environment (contact) to hazardous wastes

Question 12

steps to be taken for the detailed evaluation of the risks associated with a site

Answer 12

remedial investigation

Question 13

process of selecting an appropriate remedy is

Answer 13

feasibility study

Question 14

A description of the hydrogeological and geophysical sampling and analytical procedures to be applied to discover the nature and extent of the waste materials, the physical characteristics of the site, and any receptors that could be affected by the wastes at the site.

Answer 14

Site characterization

Question 15

Input material changes can be classified into three separate elements

Answer 15

purification, substitution, and dilution.

Question 15

The guidelines to be enforced to ensure that all the data collected from the characterization program are valid and satisfactorily accurate

Answer 15

Quality control

Question 16

The procedures to be employed to protect the safety of the individuals who will work at the site and perform the site characterization.

Answer 16

Health and safety

Question 17

a compound, the nongrowth substrate, is not metabolized as a source of carbon or energy, but is incidentally transformed by organisms using other compounds as growth substrates

Answer 17

cometabolism

Question 18

those created by human beings

Answer 18

anthropogenic compounds

Question 19

spectrum of chemical methods

Answer 19

complexation, neutralization, oxidation, precipitation, and reduction

Question 20

Wet air oxidation

Answer 20

Zimmerman process

Question 21

most organic compounds can be oxidized by oxygen given sufficient temperature and pressure

Answer 21

Wet air oxidation, also known as the Zimmerman process

Question 22

mass-transfer process in which gas vapors or chemicals in solution are held to a solid by intermolecular forces

Answer 22

Carbon Adsorption

Question 23

separation of more volatile materials from less volatile ones by a process of vaporization and condensation is called distillation

Answer 23

Distillation

Question 24

four types of evaporators

Answer 24

rising film, flash evaporators using waste heat, submerged tube, and atmospheric pressure

Question 25

spontaneous transport of a solvent from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution across an ideal semipermeable membrane that impedes passage of the solute but allows the solvent to flow

Answer 25

Osmosis

Question 26

often used in hazardous waste disposal systems because of its versatility in processing solid, liquid, and containerized wastes

Answer 26

rotary kiln

Question 27

used to physically remove particulate matter, acid gases, and residual organic compounds from the combustion gas stream

Answer 27

Scrubbers

Question 28

refers to a soil’s ability to allow migration of contaminants

Answer 28

Transport capacity

Question 29

depends on the organic content, predominant minerals, pH, and soil.

Answer 29

Sorption capacity

Question 30

a measure of the ability of the soil to trade cations in the soil for those in waste

Answer 30

Cation-exchange capacity

Question 31

physical relocation of the waste

Answer 31

Removal

Question 32

Remediation

Answer 32

means that the waste is to be treated to make it less toxic or less mobile

Question 33

prompt response to prevent immediate and significant harm to human health or the environment. Immediate removals must be completed within 6 months

Answer 33

Immediate removal

Question 34

an expedited removal when some response, not necessarily an emergency response, is required. The same 6-month limitation also applies to planned
removal.

Answer 34

Planned removal

Question 35

intended to achieve a site solution that is a permanent remedy for the particular problem involved

Answer 35

Remedial response

Question 36

types of well systems

Answer 36

well point, deep well, and pressure ridge systems