14. industrial and social developments in towns and cities Flashcards
1
Q
DESCRIBE GOSPLAN
A
- state planning agency
- organised the process in which industry transformed under the 5yps
- drew up plans and set output tragets
- set ambitious target, if party leaders thought they weren’t ambitious enough they would be revised upwards
- gosplan did not have reliable statistics about the economy to base its targets on, especially about imports and exports
- severe punishments for missing targets so enterprises falsified production figures
- regional party bosses competed for their region to be given the most resources
2
Q
WHAT WERE THE AIMS OF THE FIRST 5YP
A
- develop heavy industry
- boost electricity production
- double the output from light industry
3
Q
WHAT WERE THE AIMS OF THE SECOND 5YP
A
- continue growth of heavy industry
- boost light industry
- develop communications
- foster engineering
4
Q
WHAT WERE THE AIMS OF THE THIRD 5YP
A
- renewed emphasis on heavy industry
- promote rapid rearnment
- complete transition to communism
5
Q
WHAT WERE THE SUCCESSES OF THE 1ST FYP
A
- electricity production x3
- coal and iron x2
- steel production increased by a third
6
Q
WHAT WERE THE SUCCESSES OF THE 2ND FYP
A
- some large scale communication projects
- rapid growth in electricity production
- new metals (copper and tin) mined for 1st time
- steel output x3
- coal production x3
- Ussr self sufficient in metal goods and machinery tools by 1937
7
Q
WHAT WERE THE SUCCESSES OF THE 3RD FYP
A
- some strong growth in machinery and engineering
- defence industries developed exceptional models the t-34 tanks
- spending on rearmament doubled in 1938-40
8
Q
WHAT WERE THE LIMITATIONS OF THE 1ST FYP
A
- none of ambitious targets actually met
- improvements in chemical industry lagged behind
- consumer industries badly neglected
9
Q
WHAT WERE THE LIMITATIONS OF THE 2ND FYP
A
- oil production failed to meet its targets
- consumers were still very short of some products
- while overall quantity increased, quality tended to be very low
10
Q
WHAT WERE THE LIMITATIONS OF THE 3RD FYP
A
- other areas stagnated after defense was prioritised
- oil production failed to meet targets causing a fuel crisis
- lack of specialists due to stalins purges
- German invasion of 41 disrupted the plan causing it to end early
11
Q
WHAT WAS THE DNIEPROSTROI DAM
A
- Constructed between 1927 and 1932
- dam generating hydro electrical power
- one of largest power stations in the world at the time
- once five extra generators were installed in the second five year plan, the dam increased soviet electric power by 5x
- dam powered aluminium and steel production in nearby industrial centres
12
Q
WHAT WAS THE MOSCOW METRO
A
- constructed between 1932 and 1937
- first underground railway system in the Ussr
- 2nd fyp project designed to help Moscow deal with rapid industrialisation as peasants moved from countryside to the city
- aimed to showcase achievements of socialist states with chandeliers, marble walls
- massive recruitment campaigns were organised to find the unskilled labourers who constructed the metro
13
Q
WHAT WAS THE MOSCOW VOLGA CANAL
A
- constructed between 1932 and 1937
- 128km river canal connecting the moskva river to the volga river
- made the small moskva river navigable by ships connected moscow to five seas, and improved links to the industrial centre of gorky
- built by c200,000 prisoners from the enormous dmitlag labour camp of whom c22,000 died
14
Q
WHAT WERE THE 2 INDUSTRIAL CITIES BUILT TO SHOWCASE SOCIALISM
A
- magnitogorsk- gigantic steel plant and town of 150,000 people, purpose built in the urals away from the ussrs western borders
- Komsomolsk- heavy plant and several shipyards in east russia, built to open up this area to development. constructed by volunteer labour from the komsomol (the communist youth organisation) together with prison camp labour)
15
Q
DESCRIBE THE STAKHANOVIETS
A
- workers who exceeded their targets and held up as examples to follow
- named after aleksi stakhanov, a coal miner who exceeded his mining target by a huge amount, he was declared a soviet hero and rewarded with a bonus and awards
- other miners competed to break stakhanovs record, overachievement spread to other industries
- propoganda campaign based on improving worker productivity
- party promoted movement, therefor received material benefits from their employers
- stakhanoviets not always poular with amagers because their efforts meant production targets were raised
- stakhanoviets not always popular with other workers as since they made them look bad and meant higher targets
