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Psych > 14 - Social Psychology > Flashcards

14 - Social Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

A

Social Psychology

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2
Q

Theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition

A

Attribution Theory

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3
Q

Tendency for observers, when analyzing others’ behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

A

Fundamental Attribution Error

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4
Q

Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

A

Attitude

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5
Q

Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker’s attractiveness

A

Peripheral Route Persuasion

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6
Q

Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

A

Central Route Persuasion

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7
Q

Tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

A

Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon

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8
Q

A set of expectations about social positions, defining how those in the position ought to behave

A

Role

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9
Q

Theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognition) are inconsistent. Ex: our attitude and actions clash, dissonance can be reduced by changing our attitudes

A

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

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10
Q

Adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

A

Conformity

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11
Q

Influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

A

Normative Social Influence

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12
Q

Influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality

A

Informational Social Influence

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13
Q

Improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

A

Social Facilitation

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14
Q

Tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

A

Social Loafing

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15
Q

Loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

A

Deindividuation

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16
Q

The enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

A

Group Polarization

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17
Q

Mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

A

Groupthink

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18
Q

Enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

A

Culture

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19
Q

An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior

A

Norm

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20
Q

An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members. Stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action

A

Prejudice

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21
Q

A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people

A

Stereotype

22
Q

Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

A

Discrimination

23
Q

Tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

A

Just-World Phenomenon

24
Q

“Us” - people with whom we share a common identity

A

Ingroup

25
Q

“Them” - those preceived as different or apart from our group

A

Outgroup

26
Q

Tendency to favor our own group

A

Ingroup Bias

27
Q

Theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

A

Scapegoat Thoery

28
Q

Tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races. Aka the cross-race effect or the own-race bias

A

Other-Race Effect

29
Q

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

A

Aggression

30
Q

Principle that frustration (the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal) creates anger, which can generate aggression

A

Frustration-Aggression Principle

31
Q

Culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations

A

Social Script

32
Q

Phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

A

Mere Exposure Effect

33
Q

An Aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

A

Passionate Love

34
Q

Deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives interwined

A

Companionate Love

35
Q

A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

A

Equity

36
Q

Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to another

A

Self-Disclosure

37
Q

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

A

Altruism

38
Q

The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

A

Bystander Effect

39
Q

Theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

A

Social Exchange Theory

40
Q

An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

A

Reciprocity Norms

41
Q

Expectation that people will help those needing their help

A

Social-Responsibility Norm

42
Q

A preceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

A

Conflict

43
Q

Situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

A

Social Trap

44
Q

Mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive

A

Mirror-Image Perceptions

45
Q

A belief that leads to its own fulfullment

A

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

46
Q

Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

A

Superordinate Goals

47
Q

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction. A strategy designed to decrease international tensions

A

GRIT

48
Q

Created the Stanford Prison Experiment - conformity and social norms

A

Philip Zimbardo

49
Q

Founded the theory of cognitive dissonance. Study where participants were either given $1 or $20 to complete a boring task - forced compliance

A

Leon Festinger

50
Q

Known for their line experiments and study of conformity

A

Solomon Asch

51
Q

Known for their shock experiment. Compliance even when another is being harmed - cognitive dissonance

A

Stanley Milgram

Psych (7 decks)

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