6.2. Urban trends and issues of urbanisation Flashcards

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1
Q

Urban Revolution

A

Major change in the form and growth of settlements due to significant technological advance

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2
Q

Urbanisation

A

Process whereby an increasing proportion of the population in a geographical area lives in urban settlements

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3
Q

Urban Growth

A

The absolute increase in physical size and total population of urban areas

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4
Q

Current patterns of urbanisation

A
  • Most urbanised world regions are North America, Europe, Oceania and Latin America
  • Lowest levels of urbanisation are in Africa and Asia
  • Urban growth is highest in Africa and Asia (as they have the fastest growing urban areas)
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5
Q

Cycle of Urbanisation

A

Comprises the stages of urban change:

1) Urbanisation
2) Suburbanisation
3) Counterurbanisation
4) Reurbanisation

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6
Q

Suburbanisation

A

The outward growth of towns and cities to engulf surrounding villages and rural areas

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7
Q

Suburbanisation in Britain

A

The reasons for rapid suburban growth were:

  • Construction of suburban railway lines (main factor in this development)
  • Government support for house building
  • Willingness of local authorities to provide piped water, sewerage systems, gas and electricity
  • Expansion of building societies
  • Low interest rates
  • Development of public transport routes
  • Improvement to the road network
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8
Q

Counterurbanisation

A

The process of population decentralisation as people move from large urban areas to smaller urban settlements and rural areas

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9
Q

Reurbanisation

A

Occurs when, after a clear period of decline, the population of a city, in particular the inner area, begins to increase again

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10
Q

Issues of Urbanisation

A

1) Competition for land - price of land and cost of rents
2) Renewal and redevelopment
3) Gentrification

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11
Q

Land use zoning

A

A mapping exercise by local government which decides how land should be used in the various parts of a town or city. (to remove land competition)

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12
Q

Urban Redevelopment

A

Involves complete clearance of existing buildings and site infrastructure and construction of new buildings

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13
Q

Urban Renewal

A

The process where an urban neighborhood or area is improved and rehabilitated. The renewal process can include demolishing old or run-down buildings, constructing new, up-to-date housing, or adding in features like a theater or stadium.

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14
Q

Gentrification

A

A process in which wealthier people move into, renovate and restore run-down housing in an inner city or other neglected area. Such housing was formerly inhabited by low-income groups

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15
Q

Reasons for clusters of high socio-economic status in the inner city

A

1) Some areas have always been fashionable

2) Gentrification of areas to become more fashionable

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16
Q

Evidence of gentrification

A
  • Many houses being renovated
  • House prices rising faster than in comparable areas
  • ‘Trendier’ shops and restaurants opening in the area
17
Q

Accessibility

A

Relative ease with which a place can be reached from other locations

18
Q

Global (world) city

A

A city that is judged to be an important nodal point in the global economic system

19
Q

Reasons for growth of global cities

A

1) Demographic trends - significant rates of natural increase and in-migration at different times
2) Economic development - Emergence of major manufacturing and services in national space, along with development of key transport in global trading system
3) Cultural / social status - Cultural facilities of large cities are an important element of their attraction to foreign direct investment and tourism
4) Political importance - many global cities are capital cities, benefiting from high levels of investment in infrastructure