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Bio 30 🫵 > 14.1-male And Female Repro > Flashcards

14.1-male And Female Repro Flashcards

1
Q

Primary sex characteristics of male reproductive

A

Structures directly involved in forming and transporting gametes

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2
Q

Gonads (M)

A

Structures within forms of gametes, produce sex hormones

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3
Q

Testes

A

Responsible for production of sperm and testosterone

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4
Q

What structure is found within testes?

A

Contain long tubes called semiferous tubules

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5
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

Occurs in semiferous tubules

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6
Q

Interstitial cells

A

Cells between tubules, produce testosterone

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7
Q

Sertoli cells

A

Large pyramidal cells in seminiferons tubules, help develop and nourish sperm

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8
Q

Sperm structure:
Neucleus?

A

Contains dna

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9
Q

Sperm structure:
Acrosome?

A

Enzymes used to break down outer layer of the egg, so DNA can enter the egg

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10
Q

Sperm structure:
Middle piece

A

Contains many mitochondria to create ATP for movement

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11
Q

Sperm structure:
Long tail

A

Moves sperm forward

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12
Q

What happens to testes during puberty

A

Testes decend, proper spermatogenesis need a temp slightly lower then body temp

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13
Q

Pathway for sperm

A

After spermatogenesis, sperm finish mating and are stored in the epididymis. Testes ->epididymis-> vas(ductus) deferens-> ejaculatoru duct-> urethra

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14
Q

3 types of Seminal fluid

A

1.sperm
2.fluid from seminal vesicles- contains sugars used by sperm for ATP production
3.secretions from prostate gland and cowpers gland

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15
Q

Primary sex characteristics (F)

A

Produce and transfer gemetes

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16
Q

Gametes (M)

A

Sex cells

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17
Q

Gametes (F)

A

Eggs

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18
Q

Gonads (F)

A

Ovaries which produce eggs and sex hormones

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19
Q

The ovaries

A

Site of ogenesis (production of eggs)
Contains specialized structure called follicles

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20
Q

Ovulation

A

Once a month one of the ovaries develop an egg inside a follicle and release the egg into the reproductive tract

21
Q

The egg (ovum)

A

Non mobile, much larger then sperm and provided all resources for developing embryo

22
Q

Fimbriae

A

Sweep the egg into the oviduct

23
Q

Oviduct (fallopian tubes)

A

Carries egg from ovaries to the uterus. Site of fertilization

24
Q

Uterus

A

Holds and nourishes developing fetus. If egg is fertilized it will input into the inner lining of uterus.

25
Q

Endometrium

A

Blood vessels to nourish embryo. Thickness will change throughout the menstrual cycle.

26
Q

Pathway of the female structures

A

The ovaries -> fimbriae -> oviduct-> the uterus -> cervix -> vagina -> vulva

27
Q

GnRH (M)

A

At birth hypothalamus releases GnRH -> causes pituitary to release LH and FSH

28
Q

FSH (M)

A

Travels to Sertoli cells, stimulates spermatogenesis. FSH causes production of inhibin

29
Q

LH (M)

A

Travels to leydig cells to stimulate production of testosterone.

30
Q

Testosterone

A

Further stimulates spermatogenesis and develops primary and secondary sex characteristics

31
Q

Andropause

A

At age 40, testosterone and spermatogenesis decreases. Makes reproduction less likely. Loss of muscle/bone mass, less sperm, depression and an increase risk of prostate cancer

32
Q

What are estrogen and proestrogen secreted by

A

Corpus luteum

33
Q

The development of gametes at puberty is stimulated by the production of

A

FSH in both males and females

34
Q

Oogenesis

A

The formation and development of an egg

35
Q

What does each Follicle contain?

A

1.primary oocyte (immature egg)
2.granulosa cells (helps nourish egg)

36
Q

Granulosa cell (oogenesis) 3 points

A

1.Follicle cells start deviding and follicle Increases in size.
2.follicle bulges out and bursts causing egg to be released
3.left over follicle turns into corpus luteum

37
Q

Follicular stage

A

1.Hypo. Released GnRH which causes pit. To release FSH.
2.near the end of this stage, GnRH causes pit. To release LH which stimulates ovulation

38
Q

Follicular stage FSH

A

FSH caused ovaries to develop a follicle, which releases estrogen.

39
Q

Luteal stage

A

1.Either follicle cells develop into corpus luteum (caused by LH)
2.croups luteum secretes pro and estrogen
3. As C.L degenerates, the 2 levels fall and GnRH causes FSH to be released for next cycle

40
Q

Which hormone stimulates ovulation

A

LH

41
Q

What hormones does the corpus luteum release

A

Estrogen and progesterone

42
Q

Day 1-5 of the uterine cycle

A

Menstruation, endometrium sheds due to low levels of estrogen and progesterone

43
Q

Day 6-13 of the uterine cycle

A

Estrogen is released from developing follicle, causes endometrium to thicken

44
Q

Day 14 of uterine cycle

A

Ovulation

45
Q

Day 14-28 of uterine cycle

A

Progesterone from C.L maintains thickness of endometrium, inhibits uterine contraction to prevent menstruation. Estrogen and progesterone levels fall to trigger menstruation.

46
Q

Flow phase

A

Menstruation

47
Q

Follicular stage

A

Follicle developing and releasing estrogen while restoring endometrium

48
Q

Luteal phase

A

CL releases progesterone and estrogen, thickens and maintains Endo.

49
Q

Ovulating phase

A

Triggered by LH, release of egg

Bio 30 🫵 (10 decks)

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