Thyroid Disorders Flashcards
what is the thyroid?
2” butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck
what does the thyroid secrete?
secretes triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)
what is thyroxine?
regulator of body metabolism that influences almost every body system
role of iodine with thyroid
necessary component in the synthesis of thyroid hormone
thyroid dysfunctions
–primary thyroid disorders are most common
–more likely in women than men
–enlargement can occur with both types
goiter
enlargement of the thyroid gland with or without symptoms of thyroid dysfunction
chemicals and goiter
–excess pituitary TSH
–low iodine levels
–enlargement of thyroid gland can also occur from goitrogens
hypothyroidism
insufficient levels of thyroid hormones T3 and T4
primary hypothyroidism
increase in release of TSH from pituitary
Hashimoto’s
autoimmune; most common cause of hypothyroidism
patho of Hashimoto’s
–thyroid receptor antibodies
–antithyroglobulin antibody
–antithyroperoxidase antibody (hallmark)
risk factors for hypothyroidism
–female
–age > 50
–Caucasian
–pregnancy
–history of other autoimmune disorders
–family hx
–meds
–treatment for hyperthyroidism
early symptoms of hypothyroidism
–cold intolerance
–weight gain
–lethargy
–fatigue
–memory deficits
–poor attention span
–increased cholesterol
–muscle cramps
–raises carotene levels
–constipation
–decreased fertility
–puffy face
–hair loss
–brittle nails
late symptoms of hypothyroidism
–below normal temp
–bradycardia
–weight gain
–decreased LOC
–thickened skin
–cardiac complications (cardiomegaly)
how does hypothyroidism affect all body organs?
–raises cholesterol (HLD)
–raises carotene levels
–causes anemia
–decreases filtration by kidney
–can cause hoarse voice
myxedema
–severe hypothyroidism (coma)
–describes dermatological change that occurs with hypothyroidism
symptoms of hyperthyroidism
–anxiety
–tremor
–tachycardia
–feeling warm
–loss of weight
–exophthalmos
–a fib
–decreased fertility
diagnosis of hypothyroidism
—high TSH
–low free T3
–low free T4
–antithyroglobulin
–antithyroperoxidase antibodies