Somerset and Northumberland Flashcards

1
Q

When was Edward VI born?

A

October 1537

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2
Q

When did Edward fall ill?

A

1552

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3
Q

When did Edward die of tuberculosis or chronic infections of the chest?

A

1553

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4
Q

When did Edward come onto the throne and how old was he

A

1547
9 years old

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5
Q

Who was Lord Protector from 1547?

A

Edward Seymour, Earl of Somerset

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6
Q

What was Somerset known as?
and Why

A

the ‘Good Duke’ because he made attempts to help the poor

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7
Q

In why year did England face major crisis?

A

1549 - rebellions

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8
Q

what was the regency council split between and who had majority under Edward

A

Catholics and reformers
reformers had majority

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9
Q

What did Somerset inherit from Henry (3)

A
  • divided religious country
  • finances ruined from foreign policy against France and Scotland
  • rise in inflation from debasement in coinage and decline in income
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10
Q

when was archbishop cranmers homily published

A

1547

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11
Q

what was the arch bishop cranmers homily about

A

obedience to authority of king was in accordance of will of god - disobedience is a mortal sin

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12
Q

Who supported Somerset?

A

Cranmer, William Paget. Rewarded them with peerage and grants of land.

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13
Q

Why was Thomas Seymour executed?

A

Sought to turn Edward against Somerset and tried to plot with Southampton against the Protector.

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14
Q

What were some of Somerset’s policy failings?

A

His approach to foreign policy, badly mishandled the rebellions in 1549.

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15
Q

Who was Somerset’s most important enemy?

A

Northumberland
, feebleness of Somerset’s response to the rebellions gave him the opportunity to strike.

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16
Q

When did Somerset fall from power?

A

Aug 1549.

17
Q

How did Somerset fall from power?

A

Stand off between conspirators and Somerset who still had control of King. Retreated to Windsor but in the end Somerset surrendered when he was promised no treason charge

18
Q

What was Northumberland’s title?

A

Lord President of the Council

19
Q

What determined the religious character of Northumberland’s regime? (3)

A

Purging of conservatives like Southampton, Cranmer’s support and King’s own increasingly assertive Protestantism.

20
Q

Why was Somerset executed?

A

Attempted a counter-coup to recover his old position.

21
Q

How did Northumberland respond to the counter coup?

BEHAVIOUR

A

Became less counciliar in approach to gov - behaved precisely how Somerset had before he was removed. Enemies like Paget were removed.

22
Q

How did Northumberland try to change the succession?

A

Henry’s will said Edward should be succeeded by Mary, Northumberland tried to alter the succession by declaring Lady Jane Grey as heir.
his daughter in law

23
Q

Why did the Devyse fail?

A

Edward died in July 1553 before parliament could meet and change the succession, so the Devyse was patently illegal.

24
Q

What was Somerset’s aim with Scottish foreign policy?

A

Enforce the marriage between Edward and MQS. Scotland was his main priority, unlike it had been with Henry.

25
Q

What was Somerset’s strategy towards Scotland?

A

Defeat Scots in battle, build and garrison a number of forts on the border and force them into submission.

26
Q

What battle took place in September 1547?

A

Battle of Pinkie, Scots defeated.

27
Q

How did Somerset’s strategy towards Scotland fail? (3)

A

Forts were difficult and expensive to garrison
English could not capture significant castles and
Somerset underestimated the cooperation between France and Scotland.

28
Q

What happened to MQS in 1548?

A

French had control of her, she was taken to France to marry Francis, heir to French throne.

29
Q

Why was Somerset’s foreign policy disastrous? (3)

A

-Military strategy proved unaffordable at a time of financial pressure

-failed in political objective of marrying Edward and MQS.

  • relationship with France deteriorated and led to a threat of invasion at time when he was most vulnerable.
30
Q

How did Northumberland reduce foreign policy expenditure?

A

Ended wars with Scotland and France (had to return Boulogne, it was draining Crown resources and French paid a large sum to get it back).
Also abandoned garrisons in Scotland.

31
Q

Northumberland got rid of remaining garrisons in Scotland. What does this suggest about his priorities?

A

That financial benefit outweighed fears about continuing French influence over Scottish affairs.