Peripheral Vascular Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

PVD vs. PAD

A

only called PAD when arteries are affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

patho of PVD

A

–related to atherosclerosis processes in the extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

risk factors of PVD/PAD

A

–smoking**
–diabetes
–high cholesterol
–heart disease
–stroke
–increased age > 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

etiology of PVD/PAD

A

–atherosclerosis (most common)
–thrombus
–inflammation (thromboangitis obliterans)
–vasospasm (Raynaud’s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

thromboangitis obliterans

A

inflammatory condition of the arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

symptoms of PVD/PAD

A

–pain (calf, buttock pain)
–numbness/burning
–heaviness
–intermittent claudication
–wounds that don’t heal
–diminished sensation in extremities
–trophic skin changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

trophic skin changes

A

–shiny, thick toenails
–loss of leg hair
–diminished pulses
–elevation pallor, cyanosis
–reactive hyperemia
–erectile dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

intermittent claudication

A

–consistent pain precipitated by consistent level of exercise
–ceases with rest
–caused by ischemic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does pain depend on with intermittent claudication?

A

–site of plaque build up
–collateral circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

diagnosis of intermittent claudication

A

patient can usually describe walking a certain distance when pain starts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

common site for PAD

A

femoral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

symptoms of PAD in femoral artery

A

–pain
–decreased pulse
–coolness of leg
–pallor of leg
–loss of sensation in foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

etiology of PAD in femoral artery

A

–ischemia of muscle in lower leg
–cellular hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

5 P’s of PVD/PAD

A

(1) pain
(2) pulselessness
(3) palpable coolness
(4) paresthesias
(5) paresis (weakness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ankle-brachial index

A

–comparison of the BP in the leg v. the arm
–normal: ankle pressure is greater than brachial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

severe PAD ankle-brachial index

A

0.5

17
Q

symptoms of PVD (venous)

A

–dull, achy pain
–lower leg edema
–pulse present
–drainage
–sores with irregular borders
–yellow slough or ruddy skin

18
Q

location of sores in PVD (venous)

A

ankles

19
Q

location of sores in PAD

A

toes and feet

20
Q

symptoms of PAD

A

–intermittent claudication
–no edema
–no pulse or weak pulse
–no drainage
–round, smooth sores
–black eschar

21
Q

chronic venous insufficiency

A

a condition that occurs when the venous wall and/or valves in the leg veins are not working effectively

22
Q

what does CVI cause?

A

causes blood to “pool” or collect in veins = venous stasis

23
Q

symptoms of venous insufficiency

A

–lower extremity edema
–achiness or tiredness in legs
–leathery looking skin
–stasis ulcers
–flaking or itching skin
–new varicose veins

24
Q

nonpharm treatment of PVD

A

Reduction of contribution factors
–smoking cessation
–increase physical activity
–weight reduction
–stress reduction
–diabetes management
–HTN control

Interventions aimed at the occlusion
–meds
–bypass operation
–intravascular balloon
–intravascular stent

25
Q

pharm treatment of PVD

A

–antiplatelet agents
–anticoagulants agents
–thrombolytics
–lipid lowering agents

26
Q

cilostazol (Pletal)

A

treatment for intermittent claudication

27
Q

MOA for cilostazol (Pletal)

A

–platelet inhibitor
–vasodilation

28
Q

adverse effects of cilostazol (Pletal)

A

–headache
–dizziness
–diarrhea
–abnormal stools
–palpitations
–peripheral edema

29
Q

drug interactions with cilostazol (Pletal)

A

metabolized by Cytochrome P450

30
Q

pentoxifylline (Trental) class

A

vasoactive agent

31
Q

indication for pentoxifylline

A

treatment of intermittent claudication caused by PVD

32
Q

MOA for pentoxifylline

A

–relieves leg pain by increasing blood flow and oxygen through the BV
–helps to increase walking distance and duration

33
Q

adverse reactions of pentoxifylline

A

–N/V
–dizziness

34
Q

route of pentoxifylline

A

PO TID