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english lit > Poetry Terms > Flashcards

Poetry Terms Flashcards

1
Q

situational irony

A

incongruity between what is expected to happen and what actually happens

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2
Q

verbal irony

A

a figure of speech that occurs when a person says one thing but means the opposite

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3
Q

dramatic irony

A

a discrepancy between what a character believes or says and what the reader or audience member knows to be true

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4
Q

cosmic irony

A

the use of god, destiny, or after to dash the hopes and expectations of a character of humankind in general

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5
Q

elegy

A

a mournful, contemplative lyric poem written to commemorate someone who is dead, often ending in a consolation

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6
Q

ode

A

a relatively lengthy lyric poem that often expresses loft emotions in a dignified style. characterized by a serious topic such as truth, art, freedom, justice, or the meaning of life; their tone tends to be formal

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7
Q

parody

A

a humorous imitation of another, usually serious, work. it can take any fixed or open form because the parodists imitate the tone language, and shape of the original in order to deflate the subject matter, making the original work seem absurd.

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8
Q

Stanza

A

consists of grouping of lines, set off by a space, that usually has a set pattern of meter and rhyme

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9
Q

rhymes scheme

A

the pattern of end rhymes

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10
Q

couplet

A

consists of two lines that usually have rhyme and have the same space meter

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11
Q

meter

A

when a rhythmic pattern of stresses recurs in a poem. they are determined by the type and number of feet in a line of verse. there is rising, which moves from unstressed to stressed sounds, and falling, which refers to metrical feet that move from stressed to unstressed sounds.

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12
Q

iambic pentameter

A

is a metrical pattern in poetry that consists of five iambic feet per line (an iamb, or iambic foot, consists of one unstressed syllable followed by a stresses syllable)

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13
Q

blank verse

A

unrhymed iambic pentameter. this is in the English verse is closest to the natural rhythms of English speech and therefore is the most common pattern found in traditional english narrative and dramatic poetry (used heavily in Shakespeare)

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14
Q

italian sonnet

A

a sonnet is lyrical poetry of 14 lines written in iambic pentameter. (also known as a petrarchan sonnet, the italian sonnet is divided into an octave with the abba abba rhyme scheme. the sonnet often introduces a situation which is resolved by the subsequent sestet - cdecde/cdcdcd

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15
Q

english sonnet

A

also known as the Shakespearean sonnet, it is organized into three quatrains and a couplet, following the abab, cdcd, efef, gg pattern. it is best fit to the English language in terms of thematic ideas, break between the quatrains and couplets and flow of speech.

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16
Q

sestina

A

39 lines total with 6 sestets (6 lined stanza) and 3 line concluding stanza (envoy). the last 6 words in every line of the first stanza are repeated in the following sestets in varying order and in the 3 liens of the envoy.

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17
Q

villanelle

A

19 line poem with 5 tercets (3 lined stanza) and a quatrain (4 line stanza). they have rhymes of the first and third lines (aba format) which is then followed in each subsequent line. and also followed in the quatrain in the last two lines (abaa) 1st and third line are also repeated throughout the poem

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18
Q

ballad

A

traditionally a ballad is a song, passed form generation to generation, which makes it difficult to trace the ballad back to one author.group of authors, they contain dramatic aspects, are usually somewhat condensed and imperson narratives.

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19
Q

epigram

A

normally written in couplets, they are witty, brief poems, usually making a satiric or humorous point.

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20
Q

free verse

A

also referred to as open form poetry, this form takes on no “expected” patterns such as meter, rhyme, and stanza. this type of poetry uses speech patterns, grammar, emphasis, and breath pauses to create line breaks.

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21
Q

formal diction

A

a dignified, impersonal and elevated use of language; it follows the rules of syntax exactly and is often characterized by complex words and lofty tone

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22
Q

informal diction

A

the plain language of everyday talk and often includes idiomatic expressions, slang, contraction, and many simple, common words

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23
Q

colloquial diction

A

a type of informal diction that reflects casual, conversational language and often includes slang expressions, abbreviations, and other phrases that are known to native speakers of a dialect.

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24
Q

visual imagery

A

utilizing descriptive qualities of how something looks to create an image in the reader’s head

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25
Q

auditory imagery

A

utilizing descriptions of what is heard to appeal to a reader’s sense of hearing

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26
Q

olfactory imagery

A

utilizing descriptions of what is smelled to appeal to reader’s sense of smell

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27
Q

tactile imagery

A

utilizing descriptions of what is felt to appeal to a reader’s sens of touch

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28
Q

gustatory imagery

A

utilizing descriptions of taste to appeal to a reader’s sense of taste

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29
Q

pun

A

play on words, it rely’s on words having more than one definition or sounding like another word

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30
Q

paradox

A

statement or ideas that initially appears to be self-contradictory but makes it work (statement)

31
Q

oxymoron

A

condensed form of paradox in which two contradictory words are used together (two words)

32
Q

denotation

A

the dictionary meaning of a word

33
Q

connotation

A

associations and implications that go beyond a word’s literal meaning and arriving from how the word has been commonly sued and the associations people make with it

34
Q

syntax

A

the ordering of words into meaningful verbal patterns such as phrases, clauses, and sentences (stanzas, lines)

35
Q

Dialect

A

a form of language that is specific to a region or social group (region)

36
Q

Jargon

A

specific words or expressions used to associate with complete explanation a profession or group that outsiders would find difficult to understand (profession)

37
Q

Ambiguity

A

when something is unclear or can be interpreted in many different ways

38
Q

Metaphor

A

a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things without using the words like or as

39
Q

Implied metaphor

A

an implied metaphor is a more subtle comparison where the terms being compared are not so specifically explained

40
Q

Extended metaphor

A

an extended metaphor is a sustained comparison win which part or all of a poem consists of a series of related metaphors

41
Q

Persona

A

a speaker created by a writer to tell a story or to speak in a poem, a separate self, created by and distinct from the author, through which he or she speaks

42
Q

Dramatic monologue

A

a type of lyric poem in which a character (the speaker) addresses a distinct by silent audience, imagining to be present in the poem in such a way as to reveal a dramatic situation and, often unintentionally some aspect of his or her temperament of personality.

43
Q

Tone

A

the author’s implicit attitude towards the reader or the people, places and events in a work as revealed by the elements of the author’s style. Tone is any attitudes and feelings that human beings experience

44
Q

Masculine rhyme

A

masculine rhyme describes the rhyming of single-syllable words, such as grade or shade. They also occur when rhyming words are of more than one syllable and the same sound occurs in a final stressed syllable.

45
Q

Feminine rhyme

A

feminine rhyme consists of a rhymed stressed syllable followed by one or more identical unstressed syllables

46
Q

Slant: near, off, approximate

A

in near rhyme (also called off rhyme, slant rhyme, and approximate rhyme) the sounds are almost but not exactly alike. A common form of near rhyme is CONSONANCE, which consists of identical consonant sounds preceded by different vowel sounds

47
Q

Allusion

A

a brief reference to a persona, place, thing, event or idea in history or literature. They conjure up biblical authority, historical figures, wars, great love stories, and anything else that might enrich an author’s work. They imply reading and cultural experiences shared by the writer and reader, and the recall something outside the work that supplies an emotional or intellectual context

48
Q

Carpe diem

A

the latin phrase meaning “seize the day”. This is a very common literary theme, especially in the lyric poetry, which emphasizes that life is short, time is fleeting, and one should make the most of present pleasures.

49
Q

Didactic poetry

A

poetry designed to teach an ethical, moral, or religious lesson

50
Q

Eye rhyme

A

is where the two words are spelled similarly and look alike but do not rhyme

51
Q

End rhyme

A

end rhyme is when the two words at the end of a line rhyme with one another

52
Q

Internal rhyme

A

occurs when two words rhyme within the same phrase or line

53
Q

Symbol

A

a person, object, image, word or event that evokes a range of additional meaning beyond the usually more abstract than its literal significance

54
Q

Allegory

A

a narration or description usually restricted to single meaning because of its events. Actions, characters, settings, and objects represent specific abstractions or ideas

55
Q

Satire

A

the literary art of ridiculing a folly or vice in order to expose or correct it. It evokes attitudes of amusement, contempt, scorn, or indignation toward it’s faulty subject in the hope of somehow improving it

56
Q

Apostrophe

A

an address, either or someone who is absent and therefore can not hear the speaker or to something nonhuman that cannot comprehend; apostrophe often provides a speaker the opportunity to think aloud

57
Q

Euphony

A

“good sound” - refers to language that is smooth and musically pleasant to the ear

58
Q

Cacophony

A

“bad sound” - refers to language that is discordant and difficult to pronounce

59
Q

Onomatopoeia

A

a term referring to the use of a word that resembles the sound it denotes

60
Q

Tercet

A

a three line stanza

61
Q

Triplet

A

a tercet with all 3 lines in rhyme

62
Q

Quatrain

A

a four-line stanza

63
Q

Abstract diction-

A

the words and phrases used to describe intangible qualities, ideas, and feelings, like love, death, or beauty

64
Q

Concrete diction

A

using words for their literal meanings. This means that the meaning of the words is not open for interpretation because the author is straightforward and detailed in his or her phrasing

65
Q

Poetic diction

A

the way poets sometimes use an elevated diction that deviates significantly from the common speech and writing of the their time, choosing words for their supposedly inherent poetic qualities

66
Q

Simile

A

a simile is a common figure of speech that makes a comparison between two things that are very different, using words such as “like’’ and “as’’. Are most effective when comparing two things that are extremely different yet have a shared trait

67
Q

Personification

A

a form of metaphor that attributes human characteristics to nonhuman things. Thai increases the liveliness of works through giving common human behaviors and emotions to animals, inanimate objects, etc

68
Q

Conceit

A

this is a type of figurative language that establishes a comparison that is extremely ridiculous or improbable. This is similar to metaphors and similes. However it differs mainly in the degree to which the comparison is so ridiculous or unlikely that the connection between the two is challenging for the reader to decipher

69
Q

Alliteration

A

the repetition of the same consonant sounds in a sequence of words, usually at the beginning of a word or stressed syllable

70
Q

Assonance

A

the repetition of internal vowel sounds in nearby words that do not end the same

71
Q

Consonance

A

a common type of near rhyme that consists of identical consonant sounds preceded by different vowel sounds

72
Q

enjambment

A

the continuation of a sentence without pause beyond the end of a poetic line; also known as a run-on line

73
Q

caesura

A

a pause within a line of poetry that contributes to the rhythm/emphasis of the line

english lit (29 decks)

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