Mendelian Inheritance Flashcards
Genotype
Complete genetic makeup of an organism
Phenotype
all observable traits of an organism
What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype?
The genotype interacts w/ both internal and external environments of the organism to produce the phenotype.
Homozygous
same alleles (dominant or recessive)
Heterozygous
different alleles (one dominant and one recessive)
Law of Equal Segregation
alleles of a locus segregate at random into gametes during meiosis; as a consequence of chromosome segregation, alleles of heterozygotes segregate equally
Heredity
passing of traits from parents to offspring
What did Gregor Mendel study for heredity?
Peas; specifically height, seed color and flower color
Controlled crosses
cross-pollination or selfing possible in pea plants
Why were peas an excellent choice to study?
controlled crosses, simple inheritance, and true breeding lines
What did Mendel infer from looking at the F1 generation of a monohybrid cross between smooth and wrinkled seeds?
S > s (dominant vs recessive)
What do all F1 generations have when their parents are homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive?
Heterozygous alleles and display the dominant phenotype
What is the genotype and phenotype ratio of the F2 generation?
Genotype ratio: 1:2:1
Phenotype ratio: 3:1
Law of Independent Assortment
During gamete formation, segregation of alleles of a gene is independent of segregation of alleles of other genes.
Example of Independent Assortment
Two distinct traits: seed color and shape are separated and not combined
