Natural hazards

Question 1

Hazard risk

Answer 1

The probability or chance that a natural hazard may take place

Question 2

Natural hazard

Answer 2

A natural event that threatens people or has a potential to cause damage destruction and death

Question 3

Earthquake

Answer 3

A sudden or violent movement within the earths crust followed by a series of shocks

Question 4

Immediate responses

Answer 4

The reaction of people as a disaster happens and in the immediate aftermath

Question 5

Long-term responses

Answer 5

Later reactions that occur in the weeks, months and years after the event

Question 6

Monitoring

Answer 6

Recording physical changes, such as earthquake tremor is around a volcano, to help forecast when and where a natural hazard might strike

Question 7

Plate margin

Answer 7

The marginal boundary between two tectonic plates

Question 8

Planning

Answer 8

Actions taken to enable communities to respond to, and recover from, natural disasters

Question 9

Prediction

Answer 9

Attempts to forecast when and where are natural hazard will strike based on current knowledge

Question 10

What are Primary effects?

Answer 10

The initial impact of a natural event on people and property, caused by it directly, for instance the ground buildings collapsing following an earthquake

Question 11

What is Protection?

Answer 11

Actions taken before a hazard strikes to reduce its impact

Question 12

Secondary affect

Answer 12

The after effects that occur as indirect impact of a natural event, sometimes on a longer timescale

Question 13

Tectonic hazard

Answer 13

A natural hazard caused by movement of tectonic plates

Question 14

Tectonic plate

Answer 14

A rigid segment of the earths crust which can float across the heavier, semi molten rock below

Question 15

Volcano

Answer 15

An opening in the earths crust from which lava, ash and gases erupt

Question 16

Earth structure

Answer 16

-inner core
-outer core
-mantle
-crust

Question 17

Characteristics of Oceanic crust:

Answer 17

Dense and thin

Question 18

Continental crust

Answer 18

Less dense and thick

Question 19

Convection currents

Answer 19

Heat from the core causes convection currents in the mantle

Question 20

Plate boundaries: constructive

Answer 20

Rising magma add new material to places to diverging or moving apart

Question 21

Plate boundaries: destructive

Answer 21

Two plates are converging all coming together and oceanic plate is subducted.

Question 22

Plate boundaries: conservative

Answer 22

Two tectonic plates slide past each other

Question 23

Plate boundaries: destructive

Answer 23

Two continental plates are converging all coming together neither is subducted so the land above is forced and folded upwards

Question 24

Haiti: LIC case study

Answer 24

-25th of April 2015
-destructive plate Boundry
-7.9 Richter scale
Primary Effects:
-9000 people died
-3 million people homeless
-1.4 million people needed food, water and shelter in the days and weeks after the earthquake
Secondary Effects:
-ground shaking triggered landslides and avalanches
-avalanche killed 19 people
-risk of flooding from the Gandaki River
Immediate Responses:
-search and rescue teams arrived from UK, India and China
-Financial aid pledged from many coutries
-helicopters rescued people on Mount Everest
Long term responses:
-roads repaired and landslides cleared
-stricter controls on building codes
-Heritage sites reopened to help boost tourism
-people rehoused damaged homes repaired

Question 25

Christ Church: HIC Case Study

Answer 25

-22nd of February 2011
-conservative plate boundary
-6.3 Richter scale
Primary Effects:
-185 people died, 6659 major injuries
-10,000 homes damaged, 3500 homes demolished, power outages, the port was damaged and many buildings collapsed
-water supplies and communications/roads were disrupted
Secondary Effects:
- Schools were shut
-many businesses remained closed
-Christchurch couldn’t host five rugby World Cup matches
Immediate Responses:
-international aid was provided ( around six to seven million dollars )
-aid workers from charities such as Red Cross came to help
-areas were zoned to assess damage
-300 Australian police officers were flown in