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cAS3 > CNS Infections > Flashcards

CNS Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation of meninges surrounding brain and Parenchyma

A

Meningoencephalitis

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2
Q

Inflammation of meninges surrounding brain and spinal cord

A

Meningitis

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3
Q

Diffused inflammation to the brain parenchyma

A

Encephalitis

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4
Q

Focal infection of the brain parenchyma

A

Brain abscess

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5
Q

Most cause of abscess

A

Staphylococcus Aureus

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6
Q

Abnormal proteins with no nuclei acid

A

Prions e.g mad cow disease, yakob disease

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7
Q

Polio is transmitted from fecal route what does this tell you about the structure of the virus?

A

It’s a naked virus- non enveloped virus

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8
Q

Example of virus disease that enter through peripheral motor and sensory nerves

A

Rabies and Herpes

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9
Q

What are the inflammatory cytokines?

A

IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, type 1 interferon-

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10
Q

What cell produces the CSF?

A

Ependymal cells and are joined with Gap junction

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11
Q

Tight junctions keep the brain barrier intact and are usually a target for CNS infections? T/F

A

True

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12
Q

Tight junction in the Blood brain barrier is weak in neonates and infant hence 1/3 infants with bacteria developed Meningitis as compared to adults who do not develop meningitis. true or false?

A

True

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13
Q

Mechanisms used by pathological agents to cross the BBB

A

Trojan horse” direct crossing”
Paracellular crossing

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14
Q

Lecture question

A

Blood brain barrier

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15
Q

Lecture question

A

Blood-CSF barrier

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16
Q

Any kind of infection that is acquired outside of the hospital or healthcare facility is called?

A

Community acquired infection

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17
Q

Some main organisms that can cause infections in the hospitals and are drug resistant

A

Staph aureus and Pseudomonas

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18
Q

Classical Triad of Menigitis?

A

Fever (Meningeal irritation)
stiff neck( meningeal irritation)
headache (Brain swells edema)

Other symptoms: Seizure (complication), nausea vomiting, rash, sensitivity to bright light, stupors- coma, drowsiness.

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19
Q

————— is the main cause of meningitis? 2nd cause is ————-

A

Viruses, Bacteria

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20
Q

What is the most causal organism of community meningitis——————/ and which type?

A

Viruses; Enteroviruses

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21
Q

Community acquired meningitis BACTERIA CAUSES

A
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22
Q

Hospital Acquired Meningitis Bacteria

A
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23
Q

Fungi and Parasite causal organisms in meningitis?

A
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24
Q

Community acquired bacterial meningitis age related etiology

A
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25
Q

Methods to confirm diagnosis for Meningitis

A
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26
Q

Safest place for a lumbar puncture (CSF)

A

L4 -L5

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27
Q

CSF analysis

A
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28
Q

Non bacterial menigitis from viral cause is referred to as —————- Bacterial Meningitis is referred to as ——————

A

Aseptic; Septic pyrogen

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29
Q

A not bacterial Aseptic viral meningitis will have

A

Increased lymphocytes
Glucose level will be normal
Protein moderately high
Clear appearance
Gram stain- no organisms

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30
Q

A bacterial Septic bacterial meningitis will have

A

Increased neutrophil counts
Glucose level low
Protein high
Turbid appearance
Gram stain- organisms may be seen

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31
Q

Symptoms and presentation of Viral Meningitis -Aseptic Meningitis

A
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32
Q

Bacterial and Fungi Chronic Meningitis

A
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33
Q

Symptoms and presentation of Bacteria Meningitis/ Pyrogenic Meningitis

A
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34
Q

How to differentiate Encephalitis from Aseptic Meningitis

A

Since Encephalitis affects the brain Parenchyma, FOCAL NEUROLOGIC DEFICIT will be presented

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35
Q

2 main signs of Meningeal Irritation —————-and —————

A

Kernig’s and Brudzinski

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36
Q

Summary of Meningitis Causal Organisms

A
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37
Q

Lecture questions

A

Aseptic Meningitis (Viral)

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38
Q

Class question

A

Enterovirus

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39
Q

Class lecture question

A

Staphylococcus Aureus

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40
Q

Class Questions

A

Chronic Meningitis

Caused by Fungi - Cryptococcus neofroman

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41
Q

Class question

A

Streptococcus Pneumonia

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42
Q

Note: the main cause of meningitis in HIV patient is streptococcus it will be Crytococcus neoforman if additional parameters are listed. Students always make this mistake

A
43
Q

Class question

A

Neisseria Meningitis

44
Q

What Agar is used to differentiate lactose fermenter from Non-lactose fermented?

A

MacConkey’s Agar

45
Q

Because of capsule, bacteria can evade getting phagocytosed. True or False?

A

True

46
Q

Development of acute meningitis progresses through a series of stages

A
47
Q

Name the bacteria based on its structure: Gram -ve diplococci, Capsule, Pili Exotoxin (LOS) lipoligosacharide

A

Neisseria Meningitidis

48
Q

1 cause of epidemic bacteria meningitis. Person to person spread

A

Neisseria Meningitides

49
Q

Comprehensive information about Neisseria Meningitidis

A
50
Q

Neisseria Meningitidis : Epidemiology, age, transmission, prevention

A
51
Q

Complement deficiency (C5-C9) is an increased risk for Neisseria Meningitides. True or False

A

True

52
Q

Who needs a Meningococcal Vaccine?

A
53
Q

What are the two vaccines that provided protection to Neisseria Meningitidis

A
54
Q

True or False Polysaccharide capsule B is what causes the meningitis in Hemophilus Influenzae B?

A

True … this is because the capsule contains PRP (Polyribitol phosphate)

55
Q

Neisseria Meningitidis and Hemophilus Influenzae B both have Lipoligosaccharide and are both Gram -ve diploccocci. true or false?

A

True

56
Q

Full picture of Hemophilus Influenzae B

A
57
Q

We want to give conjugated vaccine for Hemophilus Influenza to get IgG rather than unconjugated that yields IgM

A
58
Q

HIB conjugated vaccine is T-dependent (IgM and IgG) true or false

A

True

59
Q

Most common cause of community acquired BACTERIA Meningitis is?

A

Streptococcus Pneumonia

60
Q

True or False: Individuals with no Spleen gets overwhelmed by encapsulated bacteria because these bacteria cannot be phagocytosized and filtered anymore. Hence why immunicompromized and individuals with no spleen have to be vaccinated constantly

A

True

61
Q

Structure, Virulence, virulence pathophysiology, Lab ID, Gram stain CSF, Blood Agat, Alpha hemolysis of Streptococcus Pneumoniae

A
62
Q

Symptoms/signs, Epidemiology, Age, Transmission of Strep. pneumonia

A
63
Q

Trigger clues, Prevention, Vaccination, Antibiotics for Strep. Pneumonia

A
64
Q

What is the morphology of Strep. Pneumonia?

A

Gram positive diplococci - Capsuled

65
Q

What bacteria meningitis infection is transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food from cattle feces exposure, transplacenta?

A

Listeria Monocytogene- a gram positive short bacilli

66
Q

Structure, virulence, Patho physio, lab ID, CSF, antimicrobial of Listeria Monocytogenes

A
67
Q

Trigger clues , symptoms, age, transmission, epidemiology, prevention

A
68
Q

Neonate less than 28days with neonatal meningitis and sepsissquire the infection from their mothers’ genital tract and close contacts… true or false

A

True

69
Q

What are the neonatal meningitis-sepsis symptoms and signs - don’t look for the classical meningitis triad

A
70
Q

What are the causal organisms for neonatal meningitis + Sepsis

A
71
Q

Describe E. coli

A
72
Q

Describe Streptococcus agalactiae aka Group B Streptococci in relation to neonatal meningitis and Sepsis

A
73
Q

Describe Listeria Monocytogene, a gram positive bacilli coccobacilli in relations to Neonatal meningitis and sepsis

A
74
Q

What type meningitis presents with severe headache, fever, neck stiffness, nausea and vomiting, sensitivity to light BUT pt are completely awake and alert, no neurologic deficit, no seizures?

A

Viral meningitis/Aseptic Meningitis

75
Q

Describe Aseptic Meningitis

A
76
Q

Non enveloped virus makes it more resistant to drying, chlorination and gastric acid? True or false?

A

True

77
Q

Polio destroys the anterior horn cells if the spinal cord causing lower motor neurons defect resulting in flaccid paralysis and respiratory defects

A
78
Q

Describe Live Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) aka SABIN

A

Itz a livs attenuated vaccine meaning it contains the live virus but in a weaker strain one of its disadvantages is that it can revert back to its original strain

79
Q

Describe: Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) US and western countries

A

AKA SALK- vaccine is dead

80
Q

The most common cause of aseptic meningitis is?

A
81
Q

Enterovirus, ECHO viruses and Coxsackie virus all belong to thr family?

A

Picornaviridae

82
Q

Enterovirus, Coxsackie, ECHO and polio virus are —————- and have a ————- genome

A
83
Q

Which of the following lab diagnostic tests is useful in confirming a diagnosis of aseptic meningitis

A
84
Q

Question

A
85
Q
A

Acute Meningitis

86
Q
A

Chronic Meningitis

87
Q

Question

A

Aseptic Meningitis

88
Q

Question

A

Acute Pyogenic Meningitis

89
Q
A

Acute Meningitis

90
Q
A

Aseptic Meningitis

91
Q

Develops

A

Chronic Meningitis

92
Q

Severe

A

Encephalitis

93
Q

Sudden onset

A

Acite Pyogenic Meningitis

94
Q

This type of meningitis is not seen in the US but in Africa and can cause neontal meningitis infection

A

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis

95
Q

Describe the Structure structure, virulence, pathphysio, treatment, of Cryptococcus Neoformans -causes chronic meningitis

A
96
Q

Symptoms/Signs, tigger clues, Epidemiology, tranzmission of Crytococcus Neoformans

A
97
Q

Nosocomical (healthcare spread) meningitis Etiology

A
98
Q

VP SHUNTS TO RELEIVE HYDROCEPHALUS
A 3-year-old girl with a history of hydrocephalus is brought to the neurologist by her parents with a severe headache and fever. The girl underwent a revision of ventricular- peritoneal shunt 1 month ago and the neurologist suspects that an infection has occurred. Which of the following organisms are most likely to cause infections in this case?

A

Enterococcus fecalis

99
Q

Eosinophilic Meningtis caused by ———–

A

Parasite Larvae

100
Q

Baylisascaris Procyonis a neutral larva migrans (NLM) is spread by? And who is susceptible?

A

Raccoon Round Worn; kids who play in sands. Eosinophil count goes up

101
Q

Lecture question

A

Case of Neisseria.
Ans: pneumococcalMeningitis (most common cause)
Chose this over Meningococcemia because theres no petechial rash. If there was then it will be Meningococcemia even though they stem says army recruit.

102
Q

Lecture question

A

Meningoccoccal Meningitis

Note if the pt has a roommate or partner the partner will receive chemoprophylaxis: Rifampin and ciprofloxacin

103
Q

Lecture

A

Streptocooccus Pneumoniae - #1 cause of Meningitis (headache of two-week duration) chronic cause.

Note: in aids pt. Most common cause of bacteria infection is pneumococca. If chronic, choose Crytococcus, if no pneumococcus in option then you can think of listeria(next most common)

104
Q

Class question

A

A-Aids
Expozure to birds would have been second

cAS3 (17 decks)

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