Week 3 - Influenza 101 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some opportunities to intervene with influenza?

A

Vaccines, antivirals, other mitigation activities

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2
Q

What is the strongest predictor of when influenza season is?

A

Climate

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3
Q

How often does the influenza virus mutate?

A

Continuously

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4
Q

Pandemic influenza occurs due to ____________ _____________

A

Antigenic Shift

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5
Q

When is influenza season in a place with a temperate climate?

A

Winter

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6
Q

What are some risk factors for severe outcomes associated with influenza?

A
  • Age (<6 months, >65 years)
  • Chronic medical conditions (Ex. diabetes, HIV/AIDS, asthma, etc.)
  • Pregnancy
  • Morbid obesity
  • Living in a nursing home
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7
Q

When is influenza season in tropical and subtropical climates?

A

Year-round

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8
Q

How is influenza transmissited?

A

Contact, Droplet, Airborne.
Droplet is the main form of transmission

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9
Q

With all other conditions being equal, on which of the following surfaces would a flu virus live the longest?
A. Stainless steel countertop
B. Tissue
C. Your hands
D. Cotton handkerchief

A

A. Stainless Steel countertop (influenza likes non-porous surfaces)

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10
Q

Which types of influenza causes the majority of human infections?

A

Influenza A and Influenza B

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11
Q

What do the H and the N in H1N1 stand for?

A

H= Hemagglutinin
N= Neuraminidase

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12
Q

What is the function of hemagglutinin?

A

Allows the flu virus to adhere to the respiratory tract

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13
Q

What is the function of Neuraminidase?

A

Allows the flu virus to escape from respiratory cells after replication

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14
Q

What is antigenic drift?

A

The acquisition of point mutations (associated with seasonal epidemics)

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15
Q

What is antigenic shift?

A

The acquisition of novel genes through reassortment (associated with pandemics)

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16
Q

Which influenza type has a wider host range?

A

Influenza A

17
Q

Which influenza type is more likely to cause a pandemic?

A

Influenza A. Influenza B mutates at a rate 2-3 times lower than type A

18
Q

Why is influenza a major public health problem?

A
  • Wide spread annual transmission
  • Potential for global pandemics
  • Certain groups can develop severe complications
  • Substantial economic impact
  • Can overwhelm the healthcare system during epidemics and pandemics
  • Low risk of severe complication x high incidence= major public health burden
19
Q

What are two ways to prevent influenza exposure?

A

Personal respiratory hygiene and physical distancing

20
Q

What are two means to prevent influenza infection?

A

Vaccines and antiviral prophylaxis

21
Q

Which strains are currently included in the annual flu vaccine?

A

A/H3N2, A/H1N1, B/Victoria, B/Yamagata

22
Q

What are some examples of Influenza pandemics from history?

A
  • 1918 H1N1 Pandemic (Spanish Flu)
  • 1957 H2N2 Pandemic
  • 1968 H3N2 Pandemic
  • 2009 H1N1 Pandemic (Swine Flu)