[DAT] Data interpretation Flashcards

1
Q

causes of high neutrophils (NEUTROPHILIA)

A

bacterial infection
steroids
tissue damage

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2
Q

causes of low neutrophils (NEUTROPOENIA)

A

viral infection
chemo/radiotherapy
clozapine
carbimazole (antithyroid)

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3
Q

causes of high lymphocytes (LYMPHOCYTOSIS)

A

viral infection
lymphoma
chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

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4
Q

causes of LOW PLATELETS

A

Reduced production OR Increased destruction

Reduced production:

  • infection
  • drugs (penicillamine)
  • myelodysplasia, myelofibrosis

Increased destruction:

  • heparin
  • hypersplenism
  • DIC
  • ITP
  • HUS/TTP
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5
Q

causes of HIGH PLATELETS

A

Reactive:

  • bleeding
  • tissue damage

Primary:
- myeloprolif disorder

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6
Q

which liver enzume will bbe raised in hepatic jaundice

A

bilirubin and ALT/AST

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7
Q

which liver enzyme is raised in posthepatic jaundice

A

ALP (P for Post hepatic)

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8
Q

what is a rule of thumb for increasing doses when there is insufficient response to the drug

A

increase by the SMALLEST POSSIBLE INCREMENT

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9
Q

what is more important when figuring out whether the dosage is enough - the body’s response or having the drug concentration within therapeutic range?

A

BODY’s RESPONSE !!

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10
Q

toxicity symptoms of gent and vanc

A

oxotoxicity

nephrotoxicity

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11
Q

when should you measure gentamicin levels

A

6-14 hours since last infusion was started

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12
Q

how do you plot gentamicin levels and what does that indicate

A

plot on nomogram
if above time LINE you are followiing (i.e. you are giving it every 24h, and the dot is above the 24h curve) you need to change it to every 36 hours

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13
Q

how do you read a paracetamol nomogram

A

at least 4 hours after ingestion
plot dose and time: if aabove the line, they need NAC
if staggered dose: also give NAC

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14
Q

what do you do if bleed while on warfarin

A

stop warfarin
give 5-10mg IV vit K
give Prothrombin complex (if major)

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15
Q

what should you look up in the BNF to find the table about warfarin doses and INRs

A

ORAL ANTICOAGULANT (treatment summary)

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16
Q

carbamazepine causes which electrolyte imbalances

A

HYPOnatraemia

17
Q

what is the effect of CCB on pulm oedema

A

NEVER PRESCRIBE

they worsen pulmonary oedema

18
Q

Leucocytosis + normal CRP?

A

May be due to steroids

19
Q

Pre-renal picture of AKI on bloods

A

raised urea with normal creatinine ± hypernatraemia