haematological emergencies large group

Question 1

what are the coagulation tests that should be ordered for a COVID patient ?

Answer 1

D-dimer
Prothrombin
Platelet
Fibrinogen
in that order of imp

Question 2

what is the management for PE ?

Answer 2

oxygen therapy
pain relief
anticoagulant therapy

Question 3

what workup should be performed for a patient when looking for familial thrombophilia ?

Answer 3

1- test for protein c or protein s deficiencies
2- anti thrombin deficiency
3- factor V leiden or MTHFR mutation

Question 4

what advice should patients with thrombophilia take ?

Answer 4

avoid oral contraceptives
wear compression socks when they have long flights
avoid smoking
get other family members tested

Question 5

what is the advantage of LMWH over unfractionated heparin ?

Answer 5

LMWH has long half life and it has a more predictable dose-response

Question 6

what is the normal INR value ?

Answer 6

in patient not on anticoaglation therapy - 1
therapeutic aim 2-3

Question 7

what is the effect of warfarin on INR ?

Answer 7

warfarin slows down how long it takes for blood clots to form
so the INR increases

Question 8

what does prolonged PT and PTT indicate ?

Answer 8

deficiency in coagulation factors

Question 9

how does warfarin affect coagulation factors ?

Answer 9

warfarin depletes vitamin k which is necessary for the activation of coagulation factors

Question 10

what drug is contraindicated to warfarin ?

Answer 10

amiodarone

Question 11

what is coumadin ?

Answer 11

warfarin

Question 12

what is the most appropriate management for warfarin toxicity ?

Answer 12

stop warfarin
continue on a low dose of warfarin only when the INR reaches 1.56

Question 13

what does a short PTT indicate ?

Answer 13

higher chance of thrombus occurring

Question 14

what is the pre op management of a patient with factor 12 deficiency ?

Answer 14

no management doesn’t cause bleeding

Question 15

what further investigation can be done to find the specific cause of prolonged or abnormal Pt and PTT?

Answer 15

mixing study

Question 16

what are the causes of isolated prolonged PTT ?

Answer 16

• Lupus anticoagulant
• von Willebrand disease with low facto VIII
• Intrinsic pathway coagulation factor defect like factors VIII & IX

Question 17

what is the best management for a patient with factor 11 deficiency pre op ?

Answer 17

give plasma concentrate of factor 11

Question 18

if a patient presents with isolated thrombocytopenia with nothing else what is the most appropriate diagnosis ?

Answer 18

ITP

Question 19

is a marrow examination indicated in cases of isolated thrombocytopenia ?

Answer 19

only after a diagnosis of ITP has been made and an attempt to treat it has happened and deemed unsuccessful

Question 20

what are the causes of microcytic anemia ?

Answer 20

thalassemia
anemia of chronic disease
iron deficiency anemia
lead poisoning

Question 21

anemia secondary to defective iron absorption due to IL-6 is what type of anemia ?

Answer 21

anemia of chronic disease

Question 22

what is the most common cause of inherited thrombophilia ?

Answer 22

factor V leiden

Question 23

what is the best site for a bone marrow aspirate in a young patient ?

Answer 23

posterior superior iliac spine