burns

Question 1

broadly what are the causes of burns ?

Answer 1

thermal
electric
chemical
radiation

Question 2

what are skin burns divided into ?

Answer 2

superficial thickness
partial thickness
full thickness

Question 3

what is an example of a first degree burn ?

Answer 3

sunburn , involves the epidermis

Question 4

when does scarring begin to happen in burns ?

Answer 4

in second degree deep dermal

Question 5

what is the extent of a burn ?

Answer 5

percent of burnt skin surface area in relation to the whole body surface area

Question 6

what are the three distinct zones of trauma associated with thermal injury ?

Answer 6

zone of coagulation
zone of stasis
zone of hyperemia

Question 7

what are the haematological changes associated with burn ?

Answer 7

leukocytosis and neutrophilia
anemia and coagulation

Question 8

when does the subacute phase take place?

Answer 8

48-72 hrs

Question 9

when does permeability of cells normalize ?

Answer 9

48 hrs

Question 10

what happens in the subacute phase ?

Answer 10

SIRS happens
thee hypermetabolic response

Question 11

what effect do burns have on the thyroid gland ?

Answer 11

cause hypothyroidism

Question 12

what is the body’s response to the hyper-metabolic response ?

Answer 12

hyperdynamic state ensues

Question 13

what are the causative organisms in cases of infected burns ?

Answer 13

earlier on - strep pyogens
later - pseudomonas aeeriguinosa

Question 14

what is the leading cause of mortality in burns ?

Answer 14

acute phase - renal failure
subacte phase - sepsis and MODS

Question 15

what type of chemical burn is worse ?

Answer 15

alkalis are worse no coagulation process

Question 16

what is the initial management of chemical burns ?

Answer 16

strip the patient of all their clothes and irrigate the area - shower the patient

Question 17

what can be seen on a patient as a sign off inhalation injury ?

Answer 17

blackening around the nasal or oral cavities

Question 18

what is the initial management of inhalation injury ?

Answer 18

• Administer humidified air by mask
• Antibiotics
  early elective intubation

Question 19

what is Wallace’s rule of 9 ?

Answer 19

each limb is 9%
head and neck is 9%
each limb is 18%.
torso front is 18% and back is 18%

Question 20

what is the most accurate chart for the assessment of TBSA ?

Answer 20

lund and browder

Question 21

burn with capillary filling ?

Answer 21

superrficcial burn

Question 22

burn that does not blanch but has some sensation ?

Answer 22

deep partial thickness

Question 23

burn that feels leathery and has no sensation ?

Answer 23

full thickness

Question 24

what is the parkland formula ?

Answer 24

4ml per kg per 1% of BSA of hartmanns solution

half the expected amount is given over 8 hours the rest over 16 hours

Question 25

what is thee maintenance fluid for children ?

Answer 25

below 10 kgs give 4ml/kg/hr
10-20 kg give 2ml/kg/hr
above 20 give 1ml

Question 26

what is the most widely accepted topical treatment for wounds ?

Answer 26

silver sulfadiazine

Question 27

when should grafting be performed ?

Answer 27

within 5 days of injurry

Question 28

what is the best covering for excised areas ?

Answer 28

autograft split skin from unburnt areas