Module 2: Biochemistry

Question 1

Energy:

Answer 1

• The capacity to do work or put matter in motion

Question 2

Forms of Energy:

Answer 2

• Kinetic
• Potential
• Thermal
• Nuclear
• Magnetic
• Mechanical

Question 3

First Law of Thermodynamics:

Answer 3

• Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. It can only be converted.

Question 4

A chemical rxn occurs when…

Answer 4

• Chemical bonds are formed,
  rearranged or broken.

Question 5

Types of rxns:

Answer 5

• Single Displacement
• Decomposition
• Synthesis

Question 6

Reducing Agent (X):

Answer 6

• Becomes oxidized by (Y) (loses electron -> becomes more positive)

Question 7

Oxidizing Agent (Y):

Answer 7

• Takes electron from Reducing Agent (X) so it becomes more NEGATIVE (becomes reduced)

Question 8

Biochemistry:

Answer 8

• The study of chemical
  composition and reactions of living matter

Question 9

Inorganic Compound:

Answer 9

• Compound that does not have Carbon

Question 10

Salt:

Answer 10

• Inorganic compound
• Conducts electrical current

Question 11

Organic Compound:

Answer 11

• Compound containing Carbon
• Includes, Proteins, Carbs, Lipids
• EXCEPTIONS: CO2 and CO

Question 12

Carbohydrates

Answer 12

• Hydrated Carbon (CHO)
• Join together to make long chains for storage
• Energy source (sugars)

Question 13

Monosaccharides is a monomer of______

Answer 13

• Carbohydrates

Question 14

Monosaccharide hexose sugars:

Answer 14

• Glucose, Galactose, Fructose

Question 15

Monosaccharide pentose sugar:

Answer 15

• Deoxyribose
• Ribose

Question 16

Disaccharides

Answer 16

• 2 linked monomers (isomers)
• Sucrose
• Lactose
• Maltose

Question 17

Polysaccharides:

Answer 17

• Long chains of monomers
• GLYCOGEN made of many glucoses

Question 18

Lipids:

Answer 18

• Also contain C, H and O, but proportion of O is much
  lower than in carbohydrates
• Some also contain Phosphorus
• Energy source
• 18-25% of body mass

Question 19

Triglyceride:

Answer 19

• 3 fatty acids and a glycerol formed by dehydration synthesis

Question 20

Structure of Phospholipid molecule:

Answer 20

• 2 fatty acid chains and a P group are attached to a glycerol backbone

Question 21

Phospholipid HEAD:

Answer 21

• Polar head
• Hydrophilic head

Question 22

Phospholipid TAIL:

Answer 22

• Non-polar tail
• Hydrophobic tail

Question 23

Proteins:

Answer 23

• Basic structural material of the body
• Also used to make enzymes and hemoglobin
• Can be used for energy in a pinch
• Base unit of a protein is an Amino Acid

Question 24

Peptide Chain:

Answer 24

• Chain of amino acids held together by a peptide bond

Question 25

Primary Structure Protein:

Answer 25

• Sequence of amino acids forms a polypeptide chain

Question 26

Secondary Structure Protein:

Answer 26

• Primary chain forms a-helices and b-sheets

Question 27

Tertiary Structure Protein:

Answer 27

• A-helices and/or B-sheets fold up and make a compact globular molecule held together by intramolecular bonds

Question 28

Quaternary Structure Protein:

Answer 28

• 2 or more polypeptide chains each with their own tertiary structure combine to create a fully functional protein