From DNA to RNA - Lecture 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a gene?

A

A genetic unit containing information to make a functional product

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2
Q

What is transcriptional regulation?

A

The process of DNA/genes becoming a protein

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3
Q

What information does a gene contain?

A

Structural - coding DNA
Temporal
Positional
Inducible

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4
Q

How are genes organised in prokaryotes?

A

Have a promotor,
Leader/spacer
and Cistron

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5
Q

What is a promotor in prokaryotes?

A

Defines the start site of transcription and the direction it will occur in

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6
Q

What is the leader/spacer in prokaryotes?

A

The section of DNA which is nontranslated

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7
Q

What is the cistron in prokaryotes?

A

A segment of DNA that corresponds to one polypeptide

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8
Q

How are genes organised in eukaryotes?

A

Have promotors,
enhancers,
introns and exons,
and an UTR

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9
Q

What is the enhancer in eukaryotic genes?

A

Sometimes away from the promoter
Contains binding sites for transcription factors

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10
Q

What are introns and exons in eukaryotic genes?

A

Introns are in the primary transcript but are removed in the mature transcript
Exons are in the mature transcript

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11
Q

What is the UTR in eukaryotic genes?

A

The untranslated region

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12
Q

What are DNA containing genes made of?

A

A coding strand (sense) and
A template strand (antisense)

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13
Q

Which direction do the coding and template strand go in?

A

Coding (sense) = 5’-3’
Template = 3’-5’

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14
Q

Which strand will mRNA be a copy of?

A

The sense strand (coding)

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15
Q

How does RNA polymerase know where to bind and what direction to go in?

A

Promotors have specific sequences that go in a specific direction
This tells the RNA polymerase where to bind and what direction to go

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16
Q

How does transcription begin?

A

RNA polymerase binds to the DNA and melts the double strand
It polymerises in the 5’-3’ direction
The RNA produced is a copy of the coding strand and is complementary to the template strand

17
Q
A