2.2 - Virtualization and Cloud Computing

Question 1

Define Infrastructure as a service (IaaS).

Answer 1

AKA HaaS (Hardware as a service).

A form of cloud computing that provides virtualized computing resources over the internet.

Ex. AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Compute Engine

Question 2

Define Software as a service (SaaS).

Answer 2

A software distribution model in which the cloud provider hosts applications and makes them available to end users over the internet.

Ex. Gmail, Slack, and Microsoft 365

Question 3

Define Platform as a service (PaaS).

Answer 3

A complete development and deployment environment in the cloud, with resources that enable you to deliver everything from simple cloud-based apps to sophisticated, cloud-enabled enterprise applications.

Ex. AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Google App Engine, and Adobe Commerce

Question 4

Define Anything as a Service (XaaS).

Answer 4

A broad description of all cloud models. Any services delivered over the Internet. Any IT function can be changed into a service.

Question 5

Define On Premises cloud model.

Answer 5

Everything is on premise.

Premise

Application
Data
Runtime
Middleware
OS
Virtualization
Servers
Storage
Networking

Question 6

What do you take care of in an IaaS model?

Answer 6

Application, Data, Runtime, Middleware, and OS

Question 7

What do you take care of in a PaaS model?

Answer 7

Application and Data

Question 8

What do you take care of in a SaaS model?

Answer 8

Nothing

Question 9

What does a managed service provider (MSP) do?

Answer 9

Provides network connectivity management, backups and disaster recovery, and growth management and planning.

They are a cloud service provider, but not every cloud service provider is an MSP.

Question 10

What does a managed security service provider (MSSP) do?

Answer 10

Provides firewall management, patch management, security audits, and emergency response.

Question 11

What are the four cloud deployment models?

Answer 11

1) Public
- Available to everyone over the Internet
2) Community
- Several organizations share the same resources
3) Private
- Your own virtualized local data center
4) Hybrid
- A mix of public and private

Question 12

Define Edge computing.

Answer 12

IoT where everything is installed and running locally.

Applications are processed on edge server rather than the internet. The data is processed on the device itself. Speed is increased.

Question 13

Define Fog computing.

Answer 13

IoT of thing where data is both stored on the cloud and locally. Data that does not need to leave stays local. Local decisions are made from local data. Long-term analysis might occur on the cloud.

Question 14

What is a thin client?

Answer 14

A device that connects to a server that runs all of the applications. It hosts a keyboard, mouse, and screen.

Doesn’t need a lot of hardware.

Question 15

What is virtualization?

Answer 15

The ability to run multiple OS’s on the same hardware. Each application instance has its own operating system.

Question 16

What is application containerization?

Answer 16

Multiple applications are given everything that they need to run off of one OS. Apps cannot talk because they are contained.

Container can be moved to another OS. Uses OS kernel, but it is lightweight.

Question 17

What is a monolithic application?

Answer 17

One big application that does many different things.

It has a large codebase. This can lead to change control challenges.

Question 18

What is a microservice application?

Answer 18

An application that uses microservices that are managed by the API.

This option is scalable, resilient, and secure. Updates focus on the microservices instead of one big application. Outages can be contained and microservices can have resources allotted based on need.

Question 19

What is a serverless architecture?

Answer 19

Applications are separated into individual, autonomous functions. The OS is removed from the equation.

Function as a Service (FaaS)

Developer still creates the server-side logic, and it runs in a stateless computer container. It is managed by a third-party, so all OS security concerns are at the third-party.

Question 20

What is a transit gateway?

Answer 20

It allows virtual private clouds to be connected. It acts as a “cloud router.”

Question 21

What is a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)?

Answer 21

A pool of resources created in a public cloud.

Question 22

Define Service Integration and Management (SIAM).

Answer 22

Allows you to manage multiple service providers (Azure, AWS, etc.) from a single interface.

Question 23

Define Infrastructure as Code (IaC).

Answer 23

The managing and provisioning of infrastructure through code instead of through manual processes.

Question 24

Define Software Defined Networking (SDN).

Answer 24

An approach to networking that uses software controllers that can be driven by application programming interfaces (APIs) to communicate with hardware infrastructure to direct network traffic.

Question 25

Define Software Defined Visibility (SDV).

Answer 25

Allows you to deploy next-generation firewalls, intrusion prevention, web application firewalls, and other security devices while at the same time being able to understand exactly what type of data is flowing between all of these systems.

Data is encrypted and encapsulated.

Question 26

How do you avoid VM sprawl?

Answer 26

Create a formal process and detailed documentation. There should be information on every virtual object.

Question 27

Define VM escape.

Answer 27

When a VM breaks out of the confines of the VM to interact with the host operating system or hardware.

Question 28

Define VM sprawl.

Answer 28

A disorganized set of VMs that the team might not have sufficient documentation to determine what does what.