Protein synthesis and selection Flashcards
eukaryotic vs prokaryotic DNA
Linear: Circular
Associated with histones: Not associated with histones
Contains introns: doesn’t
definition of a gene
sequence of DNA that codes for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
contrasting and comparing DNA and mRNA
Both: Polymers made from nucleotides
linked by phosphodiester bond
Contrast
Double stranded: single stranded
Longer:shorter
Thymine:uracil
Dexyribose:ribose
Hydrogen bonds: no hydrogen bonds
Introns: no introns
tRNA
Amino acid binding site, anticodon binding site, hydrogen bonds between complementary bases- sugar phosphate backbone
genome definition
complete base sequence of all DNA found within a cell
chromosome definition
single molecule of DNA which contains some of the genetic material of an organism
locus definition
fixed position of a gene on a chromosome
histone
a protein that linear DNA coils around to form a DNA- histone complex
proteome
full range of proteins that a cell is able to produce
Where does transcription occur
prokaryotes: Cytoplasm
Eukaryotes: Nucleus
Introns definition vs exon definition
introns- non-coding sequence with a gene of DNA
Exon- coding sequence within a gene of DNA
Describe the process of transcription
DNA helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between complementary bases
only one strand acts as a template
RNA nucleotide attracted to exposed bases
Adenine- uracil
cytosine-guanine
RNA polymerase joins RNA nucleotides together forming phosphodiester bond through condensation reaction
pre-mrna spliced to remove introns
describe the process of translation
mRNA binds to ribosome
ribosome finds the start codon
trna with complementary anticodons bind to codon
catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond between amino acids using energy from ATP
tRNA released as ribosome moves along
ribosome releases polypeptide into RER when stop codon is reached
Universal definition
the same three bases on mRNA code for the same three amino acids in all organisms
non-overlapping definition
each base is read once in a triplet