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classics - odyssey > books > Flashcards

books Flashcards

1
Q

6 traits of an epic hero

A

-noble birth
-capable of deeds of great strength
-great warriar
-travels over vast setting
-humility
-faces or recieves help from the supernatural

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2
Q

why is the story told non-chronologically

A

shows the impact of odysseus’ absence from ithaca - reinforces impact of his return

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3
Q

how do the suitors abuse xenia in the beginning

A

-helped themselves to “the good things spread before them”
-“living free off another man”
-“eating me out of house and home”

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4
Q

how does telemachus show good xenia in the beginning

A

-feeds athene before asking for his (her) story
-gave athene the best chair and linen cloth and a stool for her feet
-“ashamed that a stranger should be kept standing at the gates”

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5
Q

what was the use of ring composition

A

allows oral poet to develop the narrative into an anecdote but still leave room to return to main story

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6
Q

what was ring composition used for in book 1

A

telemachus catches sight of athene and digresses into thoughts of his father

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7
Q

what was ring composition used for in book 2

A

athene disguised as mentor converges with telemachus about the great qualities of his father

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8
Q

what story does helen tell in book 4

A

odysseus dressing as a begger to get into trojan city unnoticed, she figured him out but bathed and clothed him and promised to keep his secret

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9
Q

what story does menelaus tell in book 4

A

odysseus and his men inside trojan horse (helen called their names mimicking their wives) odysseus kept the men in check

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10
Q

what do helen and menelaus’ stories in book 4 tell us about odysseus

A

he has metis (cunning) and good leadership skills
he is shown as a hero

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11
Q

what perspectives is book 4 split into and what does this accentuate

A

telemachus in sparta and the suitors in ithaca
- accentuates dishonesty and murderous intent of suitors

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12
Q

what are the first things we are told about ogygia in book 5

A

the sight of the fire and the scent of the place -we notice things as hermes does

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13
Q

how is odyseeus first presented in ogygia

A

unhappy -looking at the sea
numb to the greatness of the paradise

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14
Q

what does calypso offer odysseus

A

immortality and life on paradise

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15
Q

how is calypso shown as loving

A

willing to disobey zeus to give him immortality
serves him food even though he is mortal and she is a goddess

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16
Q

how is calypso shown as kindhearted/generous

A

doesnt waant him to leave but still provides him with food drink and favourable winds (for his journey) also allows him to cut down her trees to build a raft

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17
Q

how is calypso shown as feisty/hot tempered

A

gets angry at hermes and accuses gods of being jealous of her happiness

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18
Q

how is calypso shown as competitive

A

reminds odysseus that shes more beautiful and youthful than penelope

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19
Q

how is calypso shown as hospitable

A

welcomes odysseus and hermes providing xenia

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20
Q

what does nausicaa represent (book 6)

A

perfect xenia

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21
Q

where do we see nausicaas perfect xenia

A

-compromises herself by being seen with a man to help him
-helps odysseus gain favour with her parents

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22
Q

comparing points about nausicaa and calypso

A

-mortal vs imortal
-perfect xenia vs average xenia
-both help O on his journey to get home
-youthlike vs wise/old

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23
Q

what does odysseus note about the phaecian palace

A

-gold silver and bronze sculptures made by hephaestus (god of craftsman)
-courtyard is full of fruit bearing trees
-cheifs sit in fine chairs and gold statues of yiuth fill the palace wit light

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24
Q

how does athene help odysseus in phaecea

A

disguises him as they hate strangers

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25
Q

what is significant about arete and alcinous

A

she has immense power for a woman they look on her like a goddess

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26
Q

does odysseus tell the phaecians the truth

A

partially

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27
Q

why does odysseus start crying in book 8

A

they speak of him at troy (they dont know who he is)

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28
Q

why is odysseus saying hes hungry interesting in book 8

A

nausicaa just fed him
they think he could be a god so could be him showing that hes human

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29
Q

when telling the phaecians his story where does he start

A

troy

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30
Q

why does he start his story at troy in book 9

A

-exciting
-hes a hero
-shows kleos
-shows the story of his crews end

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31
Q

how does the destruction of the cicones demonstrate his strength as a warrior and leader

A

-destroyed the city with ease
-gave good orders
-blames gods for defeat (who could win against a god)

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32
Q

what does the encounter with lotus eaters show

A

-his nostos
-good leader (left no man behind)
-bad leader (sent a small group)

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33
Q

how is the land of cyclops described

A

-wild/uncivilised
(no laws, assemblies pr piety)

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34
Q

what is polyphemus first shown doing

A

guzzling undiluted wine (uncivilised savagery)

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35
Q

how many men die from polyphemus

A

2 eaten

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36
Q

where do we see redeaming qualities in polyphemus

A

cares deeply about his sheep, seems to have them as pets or companions

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37
Q

where do they go in book 10

A

from land of cyclops to Aeolus, ruler of the winds

38
Q

what does aeolus give odyseeus

A

a bag of wind to guide them to ithaca (they see ithaca when the suitors open the bag thinking its gold inside that odysseus is hiding and blow them away back to aeolus)

39
Q

who does O meet in the underworld

A

-his mom
-achilles
agamemnom
-ajax

40
Q

who prevented odysseus’ nostos

A

calypso and circe (also both give him help when he does leave)

41
Q

name 4 similarities between calypso and circe

A

-goddesses with human qualitie
-freedom mortal women dont have
-both weave and do domestic chores

42
Q

how is achilles living in the underworld and what does he think about it

A

king of the underworld but would throw it all away to be alive

43
Q

what major choice does O have to make in book 12

A

death for 6 (scylla) or death for all his crew (charybdis)

44
Q

what could the sirens symbolise

A

temptation and kleos going to far

45
Q

who overruled O on helios’ island

A

eurolochus

46
Q

what is O doing while the suitors are killing helios’ cattle

A

praying /sleeping and blaming the gods for his nap

47
Q

who informs helios of the death of his cattle

A

nymph informs hyperion

48
Q

how does O escape charybdis the second time

A

hanging to a fig tree

49
Q

what could the fig tree represent

A

wisdom and shows athene is still looking after him

50
Q

where does he end up after his raft is spewed out of charybdis

A

ogygiah

51
Q

how many days did it take him to get to ogygia

A

9 days clinging to timbers

52
Q

what major event happens in book 14

A

odysseus is back in ithaca!!

53
Q

what is eumaeus like

A

loyal to O even tho hes been gone ages
great xenia, offering what little he has to begger

54
Q

what is interesting about how homer writes about eumaeus

A

writes as if speaking to him (doesnt do this with any other character)

55
Q

what does O learn from eumaeus

A

the suitors are waiting for telemachus to return so they can ambush/kill him

56
Q

how does eumaeus treat O

A

as if he owes him a favour
-either hes caught on and knows its his master or just amazing xenia

57
Q

what three stories do we get in book 15

A

-telemachus in sparta
-odysseus disguised going into ithaca city
-eumaeus origins

58
Q

what does athene tell telemachus in book 15

A

to go home
warns him of danger there
she says go to eumaeus’ hut

59
Q

what omen does telemachus see when leaving sparta

A

eagle carrying a goosew

60
Q

what does helen think the eagle carrying a goose mean

A

odysseus will come home and defeat the suitors

61
Q

what bird omen do we get in book 2

A

birds in combat at the assembly

62
Q

what are the birds in combat omen interprated as

A

halisthersa says it means O is coming home

63
Q

what is the second eagle/goose omen we get

A

penelope watches an eagle consume the geese she watches everyday

64
Q

what do eagles symbolise

A

zeus’ bird, courage and indapendance

65
Q

what epithet do we get for penelope in book 15

A

noble mother

66
Q

what is interesting about eumaeus’ backstrory

A

was once a prince living in a palace as companion to O’s sister
he is a slave but hes allowed his own slaves/property

67
Q

where do we see the idea of food=trouble

A

-lotus eaters (ate lotus made them want to stay/forget about leaving)
-polyphemus ate crew
-laestrygonians prepared the crew for dinner
-helios cattle
-circes feast turns crew into pigs

68
Q

where do we see the olive tree

A

-O falls asleep under a wild olive bush in phaecia
-Phaecians place him (asleep) under olive tree in ithaca

69
Q

what do the olive tree scenes represent

A

athene watching over O

70
Q

hwo does T react when O is revealed

A

hesitent- wants proof
shows he is smart

71
Q

which suitor plots to killl T the most

A

antinuous

72
Q

which suitor warns antinous not to do anything without a sign from the gods

A

amphinomous

73
Q

who promises P that no one will hurt T

A

eurymachus

74
Q

who recognises O by his scar

A

euryclea - his nurse

75
Q

why is it significant Telemachus sneezes

A

good omen means the gods approve of him

76
Q

where do we see ring composition in book 21

A

see the story of how O got the bow

77
Q

was anyone able to string the bow before o

A

no

78
Q

who gets the closest to stringing the bow

A

telemachus but odyseeus signals to him not to

79
Q

who is the first suitor to die

A

antinous

80
Q

how is antinous killed

A

in ignorance he doesnt know who killed him- has no opportunity to fight back or die in battle

81
Q

how is the battle presented

A

similar to in iliad - very graphic

82
Q

who shows up at the battle

A

athene desctibed as mentor - she then turns into a swallow to watch the battle from above

83
Q

how does athene help in the battle

A

causes suitors spears to miss
instills panic

84
Q

who does Telemachus spare in battle

A

phemius and medan

85
Q

what happens to the serving women

A

led to courtyard and hung by telemachus

86
Q

what happens to melenthius

A

dismembered

87
Q

what animal is O often compared to

A

lion

88
Q

how does penelope act when finding out o is back

A

hesitent wants to test him to be sure (tries to trick the trickster)

89
Q

how does P trick O

A

says their bed has moved (it was built around a tree cant be moved) O has an outburst saying it cant possibly be moved he builts it fixed in a tree

90
Q

what does the bed trick show

A

penelope is deserving of odysseus she is his equal

91
Q

what is significant about penelope tricking o

A

only time a mortal has ever been able to manipulate him

classics - odyssey (4 decks)

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