Bronchiectasis

Question 1

Most common category of bronchiectasis

Answer 1

Tubular

Question 2

Focal vs diffuse bronchiectasis

Answer 2

Focal: changes in local area
Diffuse: widespread secondary to underlying systemic or infectious disease

Question 3

Infectious and noninfectious causes of Bronchiectasis

Answer 3

Infectious: non tuberculosis mycobacteria (mainly non-smoking women >50 yrs old)
Non-infectious: Cystic fibrosis

Question 4

Causes of upper middle and lower lung field Bronchiectasis

Answer 4

Upper: post radiation fibrosis
Middle: Infection of non tuberculosis mycobacteria
Lower: chronic aspiration

Question 5

S/S of bronchiectasis

Answer 5

SOB, productive cough, thick tenacious sputum, crackles, wheezes, clubbing, decreased PFT, changes in sputum, fever, new infiltrates

Question 6

Complications of Bronchiectasis

Answer 6

Recurrent infections
Microbial resistance
life threatening hemoptysis

Question 7

Bronchiectasis diagnositcs

Answer 7

Chest CT: airway dilation, lack of bronchial tapering, bronchial wall thickening, dilated airway
CXR: Tram tracks
Need two positive sputum cultures
Biopsy

Question 8

Bronchiectasis treatment

Answer 8

Zosyn, Macrolides, rifampin, and ethambutol for TB
Bronchial hygiene
Glucocorticoids
Possible bronchial arterial embolization