2.6 - Embedded Systems Flashcards
What is an embedded system?
Hardware and software designed for a specific function or to operate as part of a larger system.
Ex.
Traffic light controllers
Digital watches
Medical imaging systems
What is an SOC (System on a Chip)?
A system that is running multiple components running on a single chip.
Ex.
Rasberry Pi
What are some security considerations of SoCs?
1) Difficult to upgrade hardware
2) Limited off-the-shelf security options
What is a Field-programmable gate array (FPGA)?
An integrated circuit that can be configured after manufacturing. It is an array of logic blocks that is programmed in the field.
What is SCADA/ICS?
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System
Industrial Control Systems is on a smaller scale and not multi-site. SCADA is on a larger scale and is often multi-site.
The PC manages equipment, i.e. power generations, refining, manufacturing equipment.
Requires segmentation and no access from the outside.
What are some examples of IoT devices?
AC panel controlled by phone, doorbell camera, watches or health monitors, home automation, etc.
What are some examples of Specialized devices?
Medical devices, heart monitors, vehicles and all of their sensors and monitors, aircraft sensors, Smart meters for utilities
What is a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)?
An operating system with a deterministic processing schedule. Often used when there is no time to wait for other processes.
Used in industrial equipment, automobiles, military equipment, etc.
Extremely sensitive to security issues
What does a SIM stand for?
Subscriber identity module
What does a SIM contain?
IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity)
Authentication information, contact information
What is Narrowband?
A signal that communicates analog signals over a narrow range of frequencies. Usually over a longer distance than broadband.
SCADA equipment and sensors in oil fields might use
What is Baseband?
A single cable, and the communications signal uses all of the bandwidth.
100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T, 10GBASE-T
What is Zigbee?
Internet of Things networking IEEE 802.15.4 PAN
An alternative to WiFi and Bluetooth.
Creates a mesh network of all Zigbee devices in your home. Uses 900MHz and 2.4 GHz
What are the pros and cons of embedded devices?
Pros:
Low Cost
Portability
Cons:
Simple, non-upgradeable
Security is an after thought
