The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nervous system

A

The nervous system is a complex network of nerves which are specialised cells that respond to stimuli, coordinate your muscle and maintain homeostasis.

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2
Q

What is the central nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal chord
Integrative contraol centre

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3
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

Peripheral nerves (cranial and spinal)
Communication between CNS and body

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4
Q

What is the Sensory (Afferent) division?

A

Composed of sensory neurons
Conducts signal from receptors to CNS

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5
Q

What is the motor (efferent) division?

A

Composed of motor neurons
Conducts signals from CNS to effectors

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6
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

control involuntary responses

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7
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

Controls voluntary movement

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8
Q

What is the sympathetic division?

A

Mobilises body systems
Flight/flight responses

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9
Q

What is the parasympathetic division?

A

Conserves energy
rest and digest responses

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10
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the brain?

A

the cerebral hemisphere
the medulla
the cerebellum

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11
Q

What is the cerebral hemisphere?

A

controls complex behaviours such as thought, memory and learning.

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12
Q

What is the medulla?

A

attaches the brain to the spinal cord. Controls autonomic functions such as breathing, digestion, heart rate and swallowing.

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13
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A

controls voluntary functions such as balance, coordination and speech.

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14
Q

What are the three major differences between a human brain and other animals’ brains?

A

Weight
Size
more ridges and folds (increase surface area)

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15
Q

What is a neuron?

A

A neuron or nerve cell carries electrical impulses

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16
Q

What is the space between a neuron called?

A

Synapse

17
Q

What are the three main types of neurons?

A

Sensory
Relay
Motor

18
Q

What is a sensory neuron?

A

respond to stimuli (touch, taste, smell, hear, sight) to send nerve impulses to the central nervous system (CNS)

19
Q

What is a relay nerve?

A

carry nerve impulses from one neuron to another (like in the brain or spinal cord) within the CNS.

20
Q

What is a motor neuron

A

carry nerve impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles)

21
Q

What is a dendrite?

A

They accept chemicals from the axon terminals

22
Q

What is an axon?

A

Propagates nerve impulse

23
Q

What is a myelin sheath?

A

Insulates the axon to increase speed of nerve impulse

24
Q

What is a node of ranvier?

A

The location of the nerve transmission

25
Q

What is a schwann cell?

A

Produces myelin

26
Q

What is an axon terminal?

A

Releases chemicals via exocytosis