Tuberculosis Flashcards

1
Q

Method of TB transmission?

A

Airborne droplets

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2
Q

When we do a ZN smear for TB, what do the number of acid-fast bacilli present represent?

A

The infectiousness of the patient, and how likely they are to be ill

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3
Q

What is the gold standard for TB diagnosis?

A

Culture method

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4
Q

What is the most sensitive and fastest culture method?

A

Selective broth culture, 7-20 days

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5
Q

How do we do a Tuberculin skin test, (TST)

A

intradermaly inject 0.1ml of PPD into the skin of the forearm

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6
Q

What can cause a false positive in TST?

A

Previous BCG vaccination

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7
Q

So for TST, we measure the induration within 48-72 hours, this gives us 3 levels of positive results, what’s the first?

A

=>5mm, highest risk of disease development

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8
Q

What is =>10mm of induration mean?

A

Increased probability of recent infection, like from immigrants

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9
Q

What does an induration of =>15mm mean?

A

Low risk of TB

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10
Q

When do we do Two-step TST testing?

A

In healthcare workers given their occupational risks

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11
Q

What are the advantages of IGRAs, interferon gamma release assays?

A

They don’t react with BCG vaccinations, and are practitioner dependent, we don’t need the patient to come back

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12
Q

What’s the disadvantage of IGRAs?

A

They are expensive

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13
Q

What’s the goal of screening for Latent TB?

A

To identify people at increased risk of developing active TB disease

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14
Q

Who does the CDC recommend targeted testing for?

A

People with recent exposure or at high risk for disease reactivation

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15
Q

What methods are used for Latent TB testing?

A

TST and IGRAs

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16
Q

What is the TB vaccine called?

A

BCG vaccine