Block III: nerves

Question 1

What innervates the skin of the gluteal region?

Answer 1

superficial gluteal nerves: the superior , middle , and inferior clunial nerves.

Question 2

Where does the deep gluteal nerves come from?

Answer 2

branches of the sacral plexus and leave the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen

Question 3

Which are the deep gluteal nerves?

Answer 3

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh:
-Supplies skin of buttock through inferior clunial branches and skin over posterior
aspect of thigh and calf

Superior gluteal nerve:
-Innervates gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fasciae latae

Inferior gluteal nerves:
-Innervates gluteus maximus

Nerve to the quadratus femoris:
-Innervates hip joint, inferior gemellus, and quadratus femoris

Nerve to the obturator internus:
-Supplies superior gemellus and obturator internus

Pudendal nerve:
-Supplies most innervation to the perineum; supplies no structures in gluteal region

Sciatic nerve:
-Nerve root L4-S3
-Supplies all muscles in posterior compartment of thigh and leg

Question 4

What happens during a superior gluteal nerve injury?

Answer 4

1. results in a disabling gluteus medius limp to compensate for weakened abduction of the thigh by the gluteus medius and minimus. to compensate for weakened abduction of the thigh by the gluteus medius and minimus, and/or a gluteal gait, a compensatory list of the body to the weakened gluteal side

To test this weakness:
-Trendelengberg test: When a person with a lesion of the superior gluteal nerve is asked to stand on one leg, the pelvis descends on the unsupported side indicating that the gluteus medius on the contralateral side is weak or nonfunctional. This is referred to clinically as a positive Trendelenburg test.

Question 5

Which are the nerves of the thigh?

Answer 5

-femoral nerve
-saphenous nerve
-posterior/lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
-cutaneous branches of obturador nerve
-ilioinguinal nerve
-femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve
-clunial nerves - supply gluteus

Question 6

which nerve is the largest of the lumbar plexus?

Answer 6

femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Question 7

Where does femoral nerve enter and its branches?

Answer 7

Descends in the groove between the Iliacus and the Psoas Major.

Enters the thigh behind the inguinal ligament.

Is located laterally in the femoral triangle where it breaks into terminal
branches:
* Anterior division (anterior cutaneous branch to Sartorius)
* Posterior division (muscular and saphenous)
* Muscular branches innervate quadriceps and articularis genu.

Question 8

WHat nerve supplies the knee joint and the patella?

Answer 8

saphenous nerve (its a terminal branch of the femoral nerve)

Question 9

WHat structures does the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve innervate?

Answer 9

skin of the buttock, back of the thigh and calf

Question 10

Which are the nerves of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 10

anterior:
vienen del common fibular (peroneal) nerve
Deep fibular nerve (L5-S2)
Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve (L4-S1)

posterior:
Common fibular (peroneal) nerve
Tibial nerve

Question 11

Which are the nerves of the leg?

Answer 11

anterior:
Deep fibular nerve: anterior compartment of leg
Superficial fibular nerve: lateral compartment of leg
Saphenous nerve

posterior:
vienen del sciatic
-tibial nerve: posterior compartment
-common fibular (peroneal) nerve
-lateral sural cutaneaous nerve
-sural nerve

Question 12

nerves of the foot?

Answer 12

sural nerve
Tibial nerve
saphenous nerve
medial plantar
lateral plantar
dorsal digital branches of deep fibular nerve
dorsal digital branches of deep fibular nerve
branches of plantar digital nerves

Question 13

What happens if there is an injury to th ecommon fibular nerve?

Answer 13

-Is the most commonly injured nerve in the lower limb
-It results in the paralysis of all the muscles in the anterior and lateral
compartments of the leg.
-Causes footdrop
-To compensate the patient adopt the waddling gate, swing-out gait or steppage gait