IBD Flashcards
What is IBD?
a spectrum of remitting and relapsing chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestine
What is the difference between CD and UC?
CD
- patchy and transmural inflammation anywhere in the GI tract from mouth to anus
UC
- continious superfifical inflammation starting from the anus and works its way up
Does living in rurual/being exposed to greenspaces or urban areas reduce the risk of IBD? Which age group is this important for?
growing up in a rurual environment or being exposed to greenspaces during the first five years of life was associated with a reduced risk of IBD
What kind of countries have higher prevelances of IBD?
industrialized countries – especially western socieity
How does immigration affect the risk of IBD? What does this suggest?
- younger age at time of immigration association with highest risk
- next generation assumes risk of general population
- suggests some environmental exposure during early period of life can predispose individual to developing IBD
How can microplastics be ingested during infant formula prep?
formula prep promotes the release of microplastics from polypropylene bottles
What is IBD characterized by?
a dysregulated immune response – more pro- than anti-inflammatory
What kind of genes are associated with risk of IBD?
- microbial sensing
- microbial clearance
- epithelial barrier
- integration of antimicrobial adaptive responses
How deos the microbiota regulate human health?
- educates the IS
- aids in digestion of plant material
- produces energy substrate for HCs (SCFA)
- produces vitamins and antimicrobials
- produces signalling molecules to interact with immune and epithelial cells
- communicates with brain
what phyla of bacteria promotes health vs disease? In a low biodiversity microbiome which kind of bacteria is there more of?
health = bacteriodetes, firmicutes
disease = proteobacteria, fusobacteria (e.g. E coli)
less biodiveristy –> more proteobacteria and fusobacteria
What factors affect gut microbiota composition and function?
- exercise
- stress
- antibiotics
- age – biodiversity decreases when aging
- diet – breast milk vs. formula
- mode of birth delivery
Does your small intestine or large intestine have more bacteria?
large intestine
Why does the mucosal IS have to be balances between immune activation and suppression?
- immune activation for protection from pathogens (e.g. has to protect against salmonella)
- immune suppression (tolerance) to allow for peaceful co-existence with commensal microbes
What are microbial bar codes?
each microbe has its unique set of Ags which will activate different sets of TLRs which will lead to different responses
What are the five barriers of the gut against pathogens?
- microbial layer (commensal bacteria)
- chemical barrier (mucus layer)
- physical barrier (the epithelium + tight junctions)
- immunological barrier
- muscle layer