1.14 The End of the Frontier and its Impact Flashcards

1
Q

What was the frontier?

A

A region at the edge of a settled area. Defined as an area with fewer than 2 people per square mile.

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2
Q

What were the key signs that the frontier had ended?

A

The US Census Bureau declared the frontier no longer existed in 1890. States were established meaning there were no longer territories. Native Americans no longer existed in the plains.

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3
Q

What western states were admitted into the union by 1900?

A

Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota. Montana, Washington, Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah.

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4
Q

What did G.T.T mean?

A

In the 1880s, an abandoned home with the letter GTT scrawled on the door meant that the occupants had Gone To Texas with its vast open spaces. In the North, if workers did not like their job, they could leave it and find another.

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5
Q

When was the Turner Thesis proposed?

A

1893

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6
Q

What was the basis of the Turner Thesis?

A

American democracy had been shaped by the attitudes and values associated with the frontier. Turner announced that the moving frontier, part of American life since the very first settlements, was now over, that great empty spaces of the American WEst had been filled by settlement and civilisation, and that America had truly become a nation from sea to sea.

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7
Q

What did Turner suggest about the future of America?

A

Now that the frontier was closed, people would resort to expansion elsewhere. We questioned whether pioneers would retain their American strength or go soft.

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8
Q

What did Turner suggest would happen to tensions?

A

He believed available land was a safety valve for tension in the east.

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9
Q

Why did Turner believe America was different from Europe?

A

Because of the frontier. America’s development had been different from that of Europe as it had no hierarchy or aristocracy relying on privileges of birth to create social class.

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10
Q

What criticism was there of Turner’s Thesis?

A

It was very American and also very masculine and white. Modern historians and sociologists had attacked Turner for paying little attention to gender, race, or class, and for ignoring the victims of the frontier experience, especially Native Americans.

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11
Q

What dreams were fulfilled for the era to end?

A

American ‘continentalism’ and the Manifest Destiny.

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