Organic Chemistry Flashcards
C-C
Alkanes
C=C
Alkenes
C≡C
Alkynes
R-OH
Alcohol
R-O-R
Ether
R-NH2
Amine
R-X
Alkyl halide
What is it
▪️Headways overlap
▪️Stronger
▪️First bond
▪️Formed by s or sp orbitals
Sigma (σ)
What is it
▪️Sideways overlap
▪️Weaker
▪️Anything after sigma
▪️Formed by p orbitals ONLY
Pi (π)
What hybridization is stated below:
▪️1s; 3p
▪️4 sp3 orbitals
▪️4 sigma
▪️Tetrahedral
▪️109.5
▪️single bond (-)
sp3
What hybridization is stated below:
▪️1s; 2p
▪️3 sp2 orbitals (1 p orbital unhybridized)
▪️3 sigma; 1pi
▪️Trigonal Planar
▪️120
▪️double bond (=)
sp2
What hybridization is stated below:
▪️1s; 1p
▪️2 sp orbitals (2 p orbitals
unhybridized)
▪️2 sigma; 1 pi
▪️Linear
▪️180
▪️triple bond (≡)
sp
Who invented/discovered
Solid Sphere Model
John Dalton (1803)
Who invented/discovered
Plum Pudding Model
J.J. Thomson (1904)
Who invented/discovered
Nuclear Model
Ernest Rutherford (1911)
Who invented/discovered
Planetary Model
Niels Bohr (1913)
Who invented/discovered
Quantum Model
Erwin Schrodinger (1926)
Acid or Base
Bronsted-Lowry
▪️Donates p+
Acid
Acid or Base
Bronsted-Lowry
▪️Accepts p+
Base
Acid or Base
Lewis Theory
▪️e- pair acceptor
Acid
Acid or Base
Lewis Theory
▪️e- pair donor
Base
Electron withrawing
Increase Acidity
Electron Donating
Decrease Basicity; Increase acidity
What do we called?
Same connectivity
Stereo Isomer
Cis / Trans Isomers
Similar substituents on the SAME side
Cis
Cis / Trans Isomers
Similar substituents on the OPPOSITE side
Trans
What is it
▪️For prioritization in E/Z and optical isomers
▪️Based on atomic number of the first attached atom
▪️The higher the atomic number means higher priority
Cahn-Ingold Prelog (CIP) Rules
Mirror image not superimposable on itself
Chiral