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Human Biology > 15 & 16 > Flashcards

15 & 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Types of joints

A
  1. Ball -and-Socket joint: Allows movement in all directions (hip & shoulder joints)
  2. Hinge Joint: Allows movement in one direction (elbow)
  3. Pivot Joint: Allows turning from side to side (a pivot joint connects the skull to the spine)
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2
Q

Adrenal gland

A

Pair of endocrine glands that sit above kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body when stressed

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3
Q

Epinephrine

A

Adrenalin (response to stress as well)

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4
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

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5
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Pressure on a membrane to equalize solute concentration

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6
Q

Hypertonic

A

High concentration of a solute

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7
Q

Hypotonic

A

Lower concentration of a solute

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8
Q

Nephron

A

Functional unit of the kidney

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9
Q

Renal artery

A

Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

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10
Q

Renal vein

A

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney

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11
Q

Ureter

A

Tube that carries urine from kidney to bladder

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12
Q

Urethra

A

Tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

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13
Q

Urea

A

Waste product formed in the liver, filtered by kidneys, and excreted in urine

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14
Q

Bladder

A

Elastic/hollow/muscular organ that provides temporary storage for urine

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15
Q

Cortex

A

Outer kidney layer

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16
Q

Calyx

A

Cup like collecting region of the renal pelvis

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17
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Funnel shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter

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18
Q

Dehydrated question

A

Plain water would make your cells burst from absorbing so much, but a saline solution balances it out

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19
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton

20
Q

Articulation

A

Joint

21
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Portion of the skeletal system, contains: skull, rib cage, and the vertebral column

22
Q

Calcification

A

Process that hardens bones by adding calcium phosphate and collagen

23
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of a long bone

24
Q

Abduction

A

when a bone moves away from the midline of the body

25
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of limbs toward the midline of the body

26
Q

Extension

A

Straightening of a joint

27
Q

Flexion

A

Bending of a joint

28
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

Growth plate

29
Q

Myosin

A

Contractile protein that makes up the thick filaments of muscle fibers

30
Q

Actin

A

Globular protein that links into chains, 2 of which twist helically around each other and form micro-filaments in muscles/contractile elements in cells

31
Q

Ossification

A

Forming of a bone

32
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Bone destroying cells

33
Q

Haversian canal

A

1 of a network of tubes running through compact bone that contains blood vessels/nerves

34
Q

Carpals

A

Bones of the wrist

35
Q

Metacarpals

A

Bones of the hand beyond the wrist

36
Q

Tarsals

A

Ankle bones

37
Q

Metatarsals

A

Foot bones

38
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Muscle cell membrane

39
Q

Synovial

A

Joint surrounded by flexible membrane forming a sac

40
Q

Functions of the skeletal system

A
  • Support
  • Movement
  • Protection
  • Production of red blood cells
  • Storage of minerals/fats
41
Q

What personal habits/nutritional habits contribute to rapid bone repair?

A
  • diet high in calcium
  • low fat/non fat dairy foods
  • proteins
  • weight bearing exercises
  • active lifestyle
42
Q

What are major differences between pelvises that allow childbirth

A

Female pelvises are larger/broader, tilted forward, and more shallow

43
Q

Regions of the spine

A

Cervical - top
Thoracic - top/middle
Lumbar - middle/bottom
Sacral - bottom

44
Q

Loop of Henley

A

reabsorbs sodium and chloride in ascending limb

45
Q

Sections of the spine

A

Cervical - top part
Thoracic - top/middle
Lumbar - middle/bottom
Sacral - bottom

Human Biology (4 decks)

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