FINAL EXAM 444, 333, 111 Flashcards
How should the amortization phase of the stretch-shortening cycle be described?
The transition from eccentric loading to concentric unloading.
What is reached when a talk test during exercise reveals a client to be working at ventilatory threshold 2?
The level at which the body can work at its highest sustainable steady-state intensity for more than a few minutes.
The PAR-Q+ and pre participation process reflects what three health indicators?
1) An individual’s current level of physical activity
2) the presence of signs and symptoms of disease
3) the individual’s desired exercise intensity.
In most individuals, to what pressure is the blood pressure cuff inflated when measuring resting blood pressure?
The cuff is inflated to a value of 20 to 30 mm Hg above the point at which the pulse can no longer be felt at the wrist.
Which skin fold sites are measured if determining body composition via the Durnin-Womersley protocol?
Biceps
Triceps
Subscapular
Suprailiac
Which of the following waist-to-hip ratios (WHRs) places Amy (a female) in high-risk category for cardiovascular disease?
WHR of .88
Which test would you select as the most appropriate when attempting to. measure. the overall fitness level of a fit. college-aged athlete who competes on the school’s rugby team?
The 1.5 mile (2.4-km) run test
The standard Jackson and Pollock 3-Site protocol for women requires skin fold measurements at which of the following sites?
Suprailiac
Thigh
Triceps
For which movement impairment would you see the knees bow outward?
Knee varus
For which movement impairment would you see the shoulders moving upward toward the ears?
Shoulder elevation
What are the five kinetic chain checkpoints?
Feet and ankles
Knees
LPHC
Shoulders
Head and neck
Which muscle would be considered overactive, leading to arms falling forward during the overhead squat assessment?
Latissimus dorsi
Which of the following tests uses recovery heart rate rather than exercising heart rate to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness levels?
YMCA 3-minute step test
Which postural distortion is characterized by a forward head and rounded shoulders?
Upper crossed syndrome
Which postural. distortion is characterized by flat feet, knee valves, and adducted and internally rotated hips?
Pes Plans Distortion Syndrome
Which muscle would be considered underactive, leading to shoulder elevation during the pulling assessment?
Lower trapezius
What step height is used for the YMC 3-minute step test?
12 inches
Which of the following exercises is typically used to measure maximum strength of the upper extremities during a pushing movement?
Bench press strength assessment
How is lower. crossed syndrome characterized?
Anterior pelvic tilt and excessive lordosis of the lumbar spine.
Which muscles are typically underactive in association with upper crossed syndrome?
Lower trapezius
Which muscle would be considered underactive, leading to the excessive forward trunk lean during the overhead squat assessment?
Gluteus maximus
Which of the following tests is used to measure lateral acceleration, deceleration, agility, and control?
Pro shuttle
Which muscles are typically overactive in association with lower crossed syndrome?
Hip flexors and lumbar extensors
How many skin fold sites are measured when determining body composition using the Durnin-Womersley protocol?
Four
What. does BMI (body mass index) assess for?
Whether a person’s weight is appropriate for their height
What is the best description of a steady-state heart rate?
Any stage at which the physiological response of heart rate from the cardiovascular system becomes relatively constant in relation to the amount of work being performed
What do you visualize to detect the movement impairment of knee valgus?
The knees collapsing inward
For which movement impairment would you see the knees bow outward?
Knee varus
Which of the following tests is used to measure lateral speed and agility?
Lower extremity functional test (LEFT)
What term refers to the ability of a test to produce consistent and repeatable results?
Reliability
In which BMI category would you classify Vincent if he was a BMI of 27?
Overweight
What are three postural distortion patterns to look for in static postural assessments?
Pes Plans distortion syndrome
Lower crossed syndrome
Upper crossed syndrome
Which of the following is the initial assessment that should be completed prior to starting any exercise or training program?
Health risk assessment
Which term defines the degree to which a test specifically measures what it is intended to measure?
Validity
What tests should be performed last in the overall assessment flow?
Performance assessments
Which of the following statements defines the chest skin fold location for men?
A diagonal fold taken half the distance between the anterior axillary line and the nipple.
How is upper crossed syndrome characterized?
Forward head and protracted shoulders
Which. muscles are typically underachieve when the feet turn out?
Anterior and posterior tibialis
Into which category would a resting blood pressure score of 128/79 mm Hg fall?
Elevated
What is the most valid measurement of aerobic fitness?
VO2max
Which muscles are typically underactive when the feet turn out?
Anterior and posterior tibialis
Which of the following tests is designed to test reaction capabilities, acceleration, and maximal sprinting speed?
40-yard dash
How is lower crossed syndrome characterized?
Anterior pelvic tilt and excessive lordosis of the lumbar spine.
Which movement assessment is a global observation of the entire kinetic chain and recommended as the first movement assessment to use with all clients?
Overhead squat
What principle is hydrostatic underwater weighing based upon?
Archimedes’ principle
Which postural distortion is characterized by a forward head and rounded shoulders?
Upper crossed syndrome
Which muscles would be considered underactive, leading to the low back arching during the overhead squat assessment?
Gluteus maximus
Where is it most common to take an individual’s circumference measurement to assess health risk?
Waist
Which muscles may be overactive with knee valves during the single-leg squat?
Adductor complex
Which of the following waist-to-hip ratios (WHRs) places Amy (a female) in the high-risk category for cardiovascular disease?
WHR of 0.88
Which type of assessment measures overall strength, stability, muscular endurance, and agility?
Performance assessment
Which muscles are typically underactive in association with lower crossed syndrome?
Abdominals
Which muscles would be considered overactive, leading to arms falling forward during the overhead squat assessment?
Latissimus dorsi
Which of the following blood pressure readings would classify an individual as having stage 1 hypertension?
135/80 mm HG
Which of the following tests is used to measure lateral acceleration, deceleration, ability and control?
Pro shuttle
Which muscles may be overactive with knee valves during the overhead squat?
Tensor fascia latte and adductor complex
How should the amortization phase of the stretch-shortening cycle be described?
The transition from eccentric loading to concentric unloading.
after energy is stored, the contractile tissue releases this elastic energy during the concentric phase.
the storage and release of this elastic energy increases force production if the time between the eccentric and concentric phase is rapid.
What ar the three categories within the lipid family?
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Sterols
Which of the following would make a person better at oxidizing fat?
Having more mitochondria in their muscle
Compared to nonhdme iron, heme iron is absorbed how?
More efficiently
Vitamin K supplements should be avoided by those taking which type of medication?
Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin)
Which of the following exercises would be most likely to contribute to an acute increase in testosterone levels?
Back squat
Which of the following muscles is primarily targeting when performing a biceps curl exercise with the thumb up?
Brachioradialis
What is the purpose of the intervertebral discs?
They act as shock absorbers.
Which of the following is a limiting factor for how long anaerobic glycolysis can proceed?
Free hydrogen ions
Which of the following contributes the most to the total calories burned in a day?
Resting metabolic rate
Performing a biceps curl with a dumbbell in the hand is an example of which type of lever?
Third class
Accumulating too much of a vitamin or mineral in the body may lead to what?
Toxicity
What term is used to describe the premise that increased ventricular filling improves contractile force of the heart as a result of greater. stretch of cardiac fibers?
Frank Starling Law of the Heart
A client who is training with you to improve his body composition states that he only slee[s 4 or 5 hours a night because he thinks that any more is a waste o time. How might you respond to him in view of his boy composition goals?
Explain that adequate sleep is important in regulating hunger and satiety hormones, and that chronic sleep deprivation is detrimental to weight management.
Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood and pumps it to the body?
Left ventricle
What is the best definition of essential when discussing human nutrition?
Must be obtained in the diet, as the body is incapable of producing the nutrient on its own.
What is a kilocalorie (kcal)?
The amount of energy needed to raise 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius.
It is also the same thing as 1 food calorie.