Lecture 6- Abdominal & Pelvic Imaging Flashcards
what are 4 quadrants? what is in each?
- RUQ: Liver, stomach, gallbladder, duodenum, R kidney
- LUQ: Stomach, pancreas, L kidney, spleen
- RLQ: appendix, R ovary
- LLQ: colon, L ovary
9 abdominal divisions
- Superior: R hypochondric; epigastric; L hypochondric
- Middle: R lumbar; umbilical; L lumbar
- Inferior: R iliac; hypogastric; L iliac
what is in the 9 regions?
- R Hypochondriac: liver, gallbladder, right kidney, and portions of the small and large intestine
- Epigastric: portions of the liver, stomach, pancreas, duodenum, spleen.
- L Hypochondriac: spleen, large/small intestines, L kidney, pancreas, stomach
- R Lumbar: ascending colon, small intestine, and R kidney
- Umbilical: duodenum, small intestine, transverse colon.
- L Lumbar: descending colon, small intestine, L kidney
- R Iliac: appendix, cecum, ascending colon, small intestine.
- Hypogastric: bladder, portions of the sigmoid colon, small intestine, reproductive organs
- L Iliac: sigmoid colon, descending colon, small intestine
three division of the abdomen?
- foregut
- midgut
- hindgut
what is the foregut?
- consists of the distal end of the esophagus, stomach, portion of the duodenum
- includes liver & gallbladder
- Celiac trunk is the principal artery which supplies the foregut and arises from the abd aorta
what is in the midgut
- distal half of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, proximal half of transverse colon
- branches of the sup mesenteric arteries/veins provide primary vascular supply
what is in the hindgut?
- consists of the distal half of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, proximal third of rectum
- supplied by inferior mesenteric artery
what are the 4 lobes of liver? where are they?
- Right lobe: positioned to the R of the IVC and gallbladder
- Left lobe: positioned to the L ligamentum teres
- Quadrate lobe: positioned anterior to portal triad
- Caudate lobe: positioned posterior to the portal triad
retroperitoneal structures
- Suprarenal (adrenal) glands
- Aorta + IVC
- duodenum
- pancreas
- ureters
- colon (ascending/descending)
- kidneys
- esophagus
- rectum
what is retroperitoneum
an anatomical space located behind the abdominal or peritoneal cavity
what is the mesentary
a fold of membrane that attaches the intestine to the wall around the stomach area and holds it in place
what is the peritoneum
the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
what muscle is very easy to see on xray? what can it help you find?
- psoas muscle
- ureters
label the anatomy of the CT slices in the ppt
ok
steps to viewing abdomen radiographs
- position it correctly- R marker in right spot, head up
- view as a whole for abnormalities
- view systematically (liver/spleen, psoas shadows, renal contours, calcifications, intestinal gas patterns, bones
common indications for requesting conventional abdominal radiographs
- assess bowel gas patterns
- hx of kidney stones to evaluate positioning
- screening test for non-localized abd pain
- look for radiopaque FBs
abd radiograph views
- AP view: most frequent, pt is supine
- upright: useful for detecting free air/air fluid levels in intestines
- decubitus: free air if pt can’t stand
- prone: detects air in rectum/sigmoid
what do abd series include?
- AP view
- prone or lateral rectal view
- upright or decubitus view
- CXR may be included
which kidney is lower? the spleen is the same size as?
- R kidney lower than L kidney
- spleen= size of L kidney
non pathologic calcifications that can be found on abd xray
- bones
- mesenteric lymph nodes
- phleboliths
pathologic calcifications in abd imaging
6
- cholelithiasis
- nephrolithiasis
- appendicolith
- pancreatitis
- arterial calcifications
- uterine fibroids