Week 2 summary Flashcards

1
Q

Biochemical pathways are regulated by very precise control systems. What are these referred to as, and where in the pathways are they usually found?

A

Rate limiting enzymes - found early in metabolic pathway (activity regulated by modulators - inhibitors or stimulators)

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2
Q

What does FIO2 and FICO2 stand for?

A

FIO2 - fraction of inspired oxygen (from environment)
FIO2 - fraction of expired CO2

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3
Q

What is considered the classical or primary criterion for the identification of athletes VO2 max?

A

A plateau in VO2 despite increasing work rate.

RTQ - criteRION = one criteria not multiple (if asked in multiple choice)

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4
Q

On a VO2 graph, where would you identify oxygen deficit on the graph?

A

At the start of the graph

EPOC would be the zone at the end of the graph

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5
Q

During the rest-to-exercise transition ATP production increases immedietly and O2 uptake rapidly increases. How long does it take to reach steady-state?

A

1-4 minutes.
At steady state exercise primary ATP production processes are aerobic.

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6
Q

Why do trained athletes have greater O2 uptake?

A
  • Greater regional blood flow to active muscle
  • Increased cellular adaptation and efficiency
  • Increased mitochondrial volume in muscle fibres results in less lactate production at beginning of exercise.
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7
Q

What contributes to the fast component of EPOC?

A
  • Resynthesis of PC in muscle
  • Restoration of muscle and blood O2 stores
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8
Q

What contributes to the slow component of EPOC?

A
  • lactate conversion to glucose
  • elevated body temp
  • post-exercise elevation of HR and breathing
  • elevated hormones
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9
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms of hormone action?

A
  • activation of genes to alter protein synthesis
  • activating ‘second messengers’ in the cell via G protein
  • altering membrane transport
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10
Q

Where is cortisol secreted from?

A

Adrenal Cortex

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11
Q

Insulin release is inhibited during exercise so how does glucose get into the muscle cell?

A

Insulin stimulated glucose uptake occurs at rest.
During exercise there are a number of other mechanisms which stimulate GLUT4 translocation to membrane, main one being AMPK

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12
Q

How does muscle act as a non-classical endocrine gland?

A

Interleukin 6 - both pro and anti-inflammatory. Produced during exercise promotes anti-inflammatory effects.

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13
Q

Skeletal muscle produces myokines during contraction, what do these do?

A
  • stimulate glucose uptake and FA oxidation.
  • promote blood vessel growth in muscle.
  • promote liver glucose production and TG breakdown.
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