Chapter 3 - Physical Growth Flashcards

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1
Q

Physical growth size

A
  • Cephalocaudal - fastest growth happens at the head then down
  • later growth slows down
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2
Q

Physical growth pattern differences among other children

A
  • Differences in height and weight depend on genetics, environment (urban, middle SES, firs born children = taller than opposite)
  • strongest impact on heigh and weight is nutrition
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3
Q

Puberty

A
  • rapid hormonal and physical changes in early adolescence as body prepares for reproduction
  • individual changes in onset and progression
  • girls - 10-14 (menarche decreased 3-4 months per decade), boys 12-16
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4
Q

Hormones

A
  • timing of puberty governed by genetics and environmental factors
  • hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads (sex glands) control puberty
  • Andogens - male sex hormones - testosrone
  • Estrogens - female sex hormones - estradiol
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5
Q

Hormones and Behavior

A
  • social factors account for 2-4 times as much variance in girls’ depression and anger relative to hormonal factors
  • stress - cortisol impacts endocrine system
  • amounts of hormones in blood does not equal behavior
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6
Q

Psychology of puberty

A
  • adolecents are occupied with body image
  • girls less happy with body than boys - peer influence
  • early maturing girls - smoke, depressed, eating disorder - could be more evocative effects
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7
Q

Brain plasticity

A
  • neural activation are plastic - can adapt to challenges especially earlier in devleopment

Ex) patient part of brain removed and the part that was removed had functions that worked in other places

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8
Q

Adolecent brain devlopment

A
  • corpus callous thickens
  • amygdala matures faster than prefrontal cortex (limbic system - emotional processing)
  • adolcensts act based on emotions without full consideration of consequences (prefrontal cortex)
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9
Q

IQ differences and cortical differences

A
  • high IQ based on thickenss of cortical
  • more is not always better
  • average children - thickens dont change much
  • superior group - cortex thickens alot more (thickness more common in prefrontal areas)

Why does it change:
- prenatal devleopment - formation of neurons, dentrides, synapses
- Childhood and adolence - proliferation of myelination
- Adolescence - usage dependent pruning of synapses

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10
Q

Sleep and REM sleep

A
  • more REM sleep needed during infancy, more sleep needed during devlopment

REM
- rapid-eye movements phase of sleep
- aids IP
-brain is sifting through daily experiences to organize and store info - evidence of perceptual learning after REM with no added training
- neurons are firing

Study
- people who had more REM sleep could notice the ticks faster in a spot the ticks
- only when something is new and ealry in deveopment - not for experts

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11
Q

Co-sleeping and SIDS

A
  • infants stop breathing while sleeping
  • highest cause of infant death
  • correlated with co-sleeping, soft bedding, abnormal serotonin, maternal smoking, heart issues, sleep apnea, LBW infants, lower SES
  • CRIB UNTIL 6 MONTHS LAY ON BACK
  • this is all correlational data
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12
Q

Adolescent data

A
  • 8-10 hrs sleep a night for teenagers
    10 min nap during school prevents stress-related problems
  • brain regions most susceptible to sleep loss- prefontral cortex, amygdala, limbic, hippocampus
  • change in melatonin production -> older teens sleep and wake up later
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