Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo Flashcards

1
Q

What is BPPV?

A

The sensation of spinning with certain head movements as a result of a problem in the inner ear

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of vertigo?

A

BPPV

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3
Q

What does BPPV cause?

A

causes brief episodes of mild to intense dizziness.

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4
Q

What is BPPV usually triggered by?

A

It is usually triggered by specific changes in your head’s position. This might occur when you tip your head up or down, when you lie down, or when you turn over or sit up in bed.

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5
Q

What are typical symptoms of BPPV?

A

Dizziness
A sense that you or your surroundings are spinning or moving (vertigo)
A loss of balance or unsteadiness
Nausea
Vomiting

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6
Q

How long do symptoms of BPPV commonly last?

A

The signs and symptoms of BPPV can come and go and commonly last less than one minute. Episodes of BPPV can disappear for some time and then recur.

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7
Q

What usually accompanies the symptoms of BPPV?

A

Abnormal rhythmic eye movements

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8
Q

When should a patient visit a doctor?

A

Generally, see your doctor if you experience any recurrent, sudden, severe, or prolonged and unexplained dizziness or vertigo

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9
Q

When should a patient attend emergency care?

A

Although it’s uncommon for dizziness to signal a serious illness, see your doctor immediately if you experience dizziness or vertigo along with any of the following:

A new, different or severe headache
A fever
Double vision or loss of vision
Hearing loss
Trouble speaking
Leg or arm weakness
Loss of consciousness
Falling or difficulty walking
Numbness or tingling

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10
Q

what is idiopathic Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo?

A

When there is no known cause for the BPPV

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11
Q

What is the most common known cause for BPPV?

A

a minor to severe blow to your head.

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12
Q

What are some other less common causes of BPPV?

A

Damage to the inner ear
long periods positioned on your back
migraines

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13
Q

What is the vestibular labyrinth?

A

A tiny organ in the ear.
It includes three loop-shaped structures (semicircular canals) that contain fluid and fine, hairlike sensors that monitor your head’s rotation.

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14
Q

What is the otolith organs responsible for?

A

monitor your head’s movements — up and down, right and left, back and forth — and your head’s position related to gravity

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15
Q

What does the otolith organ contain that make you sensitive to gravity?

A

Crystals

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16
Q

What makes one feel dizzy?

A

For many reasons, these crystals can become dislodged. When they become dislodged, they can move into one of the semicircular canals — especially while you’re lying down. This causes the semicircular canal to become sensitive to head position changes it would normally not respond to, which is what makes you feel dizzy.

17
Q

What are risk factors for BPPV?

A

-occurs most often in people age 50 and older, but can occur at any age.
- more common in woman than in men
- A head injury

18
Q

What is the biggest complication of BPPV?

A

Makes you more susceptible to falls.

19
Q

What things are looked out for during a physical exam for BPPV?

A
  1. Signs and symptoms of dizziness that are prompted by eye or head movements and then decrease in less than one minute
  2. Dizziness with specific eye movements that occur when you lie on your back with your head turned to one side and tipped slightly over the edge of the examination bed
  3. Involuntary movements of your eyes from side to side
  4. Inability to control your eye movements
20
Q

What other imaging/ investigations can be used to diagnose BPPV?

A
  1. Electronystagmography (ENG) or videonystagmography (VNG)
  2. MRI
21
Q

How does Electronystagmography (ENG) or videonystagmography (VNG) work to diagnose BPPV?

A

The purpose of these tests is to detect abnormal eye movement. ENG (which uses electrodes) or VNG (which uses small cameras) can help determine if dizziness is due to inner ear disease by measuring involuntary eye movements while your head is placed in different positions or your balance organs are stimulated with water or air.

22
Q

How does an MRI help diagnose BPPV?

A

This test uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create cross-sectional images of your head and body. Your doctor can use these images to identify and diagnose a range of conditions. MRI may be performed to rule out other possible causes of vertigo.

23
Q

Can BPPV clear by itself?

A

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo may go away on its own within a few weeks or months.

24
Q

What is the treatment for BPPV?

A
  1. Canalith repositioning
  2. Surgery
25
Q

What is canalith repositioning?

A

the canalith repositioning procedure consists of several simple and slow maneuvers for positioning your head. The goal is to move particles from the fluid-filled semicircular canals of your inner ear into a tiny baglike open area (vestibule) that houses one of the otolith organs in your ear, where these particles don’t cause trouble and are more easily resorbed.

26
Q

How quickly does the canalith repositioning usually work?

A

Each position is held for about 30 seconds after any symptoms or abnormal eye movements stop. This procedure usually works after one or two treatments.

Your doctor will likely teach you how to perform the procedure on yourself so that you can do it at home if needed.

27
Q

What is treatment if canalith repositioning doesn’t work?

A

a surgical procedure. In this procedure, a bone plug is used to block the portion of your inner ear that’s causing dizziness. The plug prevents the semicircular canal in your ear from being able to respond to particle movements or head movements in general.

28
Q

What is the success rate for the canal plugging surgery?

A

90%

29
Q

What advice can be given to cope with BPPV?

A

Be aware of the possibility of losing your balance, which can lead to falling and serious injury.
Avoid movements, such as looking up, that bring on the symptoms.
Sit down immediately when you feel dizzy.
Use good lighting if you get up at night.
Walk with a cane for stability if you’re at risk of falling.

30
Q

Can BPPV reoccur even after a successful surgery?

A

Yes